Recurrent anthrax outbreaks in humans, livestock, and wildlife in the same locality, Kenya, 2014–2017

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationZoonotic Disease Unit, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.affiliationWashington State Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Wildlife Serviceen
cg.contributor.affiliationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsen
cg.contributor.affiliationUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Preventionen
cg.contributor.affiliationDirectorate of Veterinary Services, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorUnited States Defense Threat Reduction Agencyen
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Health, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.donorCenters for Disease Control and Preventionen
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0224en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn1476-1645en
cg.issue4en
cg.journalAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygieneen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen
cg.subject.ilriEPIDEMIOLOGYen
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCKen
cg.subject.ilriWILDLIFEen
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen
cg.volume99en
dc.contributor.authorMuturi, M.en
dc.contributor.authorGachohi, John M.en
dc.contributor.authorMwatondo, A.en
dc.contributor.authorLekolool, I.en
dc.contributor.authorGakuya, F.en
dc.contributor.authorBett, A.en
dc.contributor.authorOsoro, E.M.en
dc.contributor.authorBitek, A.en
dc.contributor.authorThumbi, Samuel M.en
dc.contributor.authorMunyua, P.en
dc.contributor.authorOyas, H.en
dc.contributor.authorNjagi, O.N.en
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.en
dc.contributor.authorNjenga, M.K.en
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-09T07:08:08Zen
dc.date.available2019-01-09T07:08:08Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/98970
dc.titleRecurrent anthrax outbreaks in humans, livestock, and wildlife in the same locality, Kenya, 2014–2017en
dcterms.abstractEpidemiologic data indicate a global distribution of anthrax outbreaks associated with certain ecosystems that promote survival and viability of Bacillus anthracis spores. Here, we characterized three anthrax outbreaks involving humans, livestock, and wildlife that occurred in the same locality in Kenya between 2014 and 2017. Clinical and epidemiologic data on the outbreaks were collected using active case finding and review of human, livestock, and wildlife health records. Information on temporal and spatial distribution of prior outbreaks in the area was collected using participatory epidemiology. The 2014-2017 outbreaks in Nakuru West subcounty affected 15 of 71 people who had contact with infected cattle (attack rate = 21.1%), including seven with gastrointestinal, six with cutaneous, and two with oropharyngeal forms of the disease. Two (13.3%) gastrointestinal human anthrax cases died. No human cases were associated with infected wildlife. Of the 54 cattle owned in 11 households affected, 20 died (attack rate = 37%). The 2015 outbreak resulted in death of 10.5% of the affected herbivorous wildlife at Lake Nakuru National Park, including 745 of 4,500 African buffaloes (species-specific mortality rate = 17%) and three of 18 endangered white rhinos (species-specific mortality rate = 16%). The species mortality rate ranged from 1% to 5% for the other affected wildlife species. Participatory epidemiology identified prior outbreaks between 1973 and 2011 in the same area. The frequency and severity of outbreaks in this area suggests that it is an anthrax hotspot ideal for investigating risk factors associated with long-term survival of anthrax spores and outbreak occurrence.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.bibliographicCitationMuturi, M., Gachohi, J., Mwatondo, A., Lekolool, I., Gakuya, F., Bett, A., Osoro, E., Bitek, A., Thumbi, S.M., Munyua, P., Oyas, H., Njagi, O.N., Bett, B. and Njenga, M.K. 2018. Recurrent anthrax outbreaks in humans, livestock, and wildlife in the same locality, Kenya, 2014–2017. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 99(4): 833–839.en
dcterms.extentp. 833-839en
dcterms.issued2018-10-03en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherAmerican Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygieneen
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.subjectanthraxen
dcterms.subjectepidemiologyen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.subjectvirologyen
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen
dcterms.subjectparasitologyen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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Identifying anthrax hotspots and associated ecological factors in Kenya
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