Recurrent anthrax outbreaks in humans, livestock, and wildlife in the same locality, Kenya, 2014–2017

Simple item page
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationZoonotic Disease Unit, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationWashington State Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Wildlife Serviceen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Preventionen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationDirectorate of Veterinary Services, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorUnited States Defense Threat Reduction Agencyen_US
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Health, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.donorCenters for Disease Control and Preventionen_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0224en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn1476-1645en_US
cg.issue4en_US
cg.journalAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygieneen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.ilriEPIDEMIOLOGYen_US
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen_US
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCKen_US
cg.subject.ilriWILDLIFEen_US
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen_US
cg.volume99en_US
dc.contributor.authorMuturi, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGachohi, John M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMwatondo, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLekolool, I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGakuya, F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBett, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOsoro, E.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBitek, A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorThumbi, Samuel M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMunyua, P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOyas, H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNjagi, O.N.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNjenga, M.K.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-09T07:08:08Zen_US
dc.date.available2019-01-09T07:08:08Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/98970en_US
dc.titleRecurrent anthrax outbreaks in humans, livestock, and wildlife in the same locality, Kenya, 2014–2017en_US
dcterms.abstractEpidemiologic data indicate a global distribution of anthrax outbreaks associated with certain ecosystems that promote survival and viability of Bacillus anthracis spores. Here, we characterized three anthrax outbreaks involving humans, livestock, and wildlife that occurred in the same locality in Kenya between 2014 and 2017. Clinical and epidemiologic data on the outbreaks were collected using active case finding and review of human, livestock, and wildlife health records. Information on temporal and spatial distribution of prior outbreaks in the area was collected using participatory epidemiology. The 2014-2017 outbreaks in Nakuru West subcounty affected 15 of 71 people who had contact with infected cattle (attack rate = 21.1%), including seven with gastrointestinal, six with cutaneous, and two with oropharyngeal forms of the disease. Two (13.3%) gastrointestinal human anthrax cases died. No human cases were associated with infected wildlife. Of the 54 cattle owned in 11 households affected, 20 died (attack rate = 37%). The 2015 outbreak resulted in death of 10.5% of the affected herbivorous wildlife at Lake Nakuru National Park, including 745 of 4,500 African buffaloes (species-specific mortality rate = 17%) and three of 18 endangered white rhinos (species-specific mortality rate = 16%). The species mortality rate ranged from 1% to 5% for the other affected wildlife species. Participatory epidemiology identified prior outbreaks between 1973 and 2011 in the same area. The frequency and severity of outbreaks in this area suggests that it is an anthrax hotspot ideal for investigating risk factors associated with long-term survival of anthrax spores and outbreak occurrence.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationMuturi, M., Gachohi, J., Mwatondo, A., Lekolool, I., Gakuya, F., Bett, A., Osoro, E., Bitek, A., Thumbi, S.M., Munyua, P., Oyas, H., Njagi, O.N., Bett, B. and Njenga, M.K. 2018. Recurrent anthrax outbreaks in humans, livestock, and wildlife in the same locality, Kenya, 2014–2017. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 99(4): 833–839.en_US
dcterms.extentp. 833-839en_US
dcterms.issued2018-10-03en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherAmerican Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygieneen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.subjectanthraxen_US
dcterms.subjectepidemiologyen_US
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen_US
dcterms.subjectvirologyen_US
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen_US
dcterms.subjectparasitologyen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

Files

License bundle

Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.75 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download

Collections

ILRI articles in journals
CRP A4NH outputs
Identifying anthrax hotspots and associated ecological factors in Kenya
ILRI animal and human health program outputs (2017-2024)