Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk traded in peri-urban Nairobi, and the effect of boiling and fermentation

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Finlanden_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en_US
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en_US
cg.creator.identifierFlorence Mutua: 0000-0002-1007-5511en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2019.1625703en_US
cg.issn2000-8686en_US
cg.issue1en_US
cg.journalInfection Ecology and Epidemiologyen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen_US
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen_US
cg.subject.ilriFOOD SAFETYen_US
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen_US
cg.volume9en_US
dc.contributor.authorKuboka, M.M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorImungi, J.K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNjue, L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMutua, Florence K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-23T08:57:11Zen_US
dc.date.available2019-07-23T08:57:11Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/102265en_US
dc.titleOccurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk traded in peri-urban Nairobi, and the effect of boiling and fermentationen_US
dcterms.abstractBackground: Dairy production in Kenya is important and dominated by small-holder farmers who market their produce through small-scale traders in the informal sector. Method: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of aflatoxin (AFM1) in informally marketed milk in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya, and to assess knowledge of milk traders on aflatoxins using questionnaires. A total of 96 samples were analyzed for AFM1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, boiling and fermentation experiments were carried out in the laboratory. Results: All samples had AFM1 above the limit of detection (5 ng/kg) (mean of 290.3 ± 663.4 ng/kg). Two-thirds of the samples had AFM1 levels above 50 ng/kg and 7.5% of the samples exceeded 500 ng/kg. Most of the traders had low (69.8%) or medium (30.2%) knowledge. Educated (p = 0.01) and female traders (p= 0.04) were more knowledgeable. Experimentally, fermenting milk to lala (a traditional fermented drink) and yogurt significantly reduced AFM1 levels (p< 0.01) (71.8% reduction in lala after incubation at room temperature for 15 h, and 73.6% reduction in yogurt after incubation at 45ºC for 4h). Boiling had no effect. Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevalence of raw milk with AFM1 was high, while knowledge was low. Fermentation reduced the AFM1 levels.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2019-06-17en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationKuboka, M.M., Imungi, J.K., Njue, L., Mutua, F., Grace, D. and Lindahl, J.F. 2019. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk traded in peri-urban Nairobi, and the effect of boiling and fermentation. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology 9(1): 1625703.en_US
dcterms.issued2019-01-01en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-NC-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherInforma UK Limiteden_US
dcterms.subjectfood safetyen_US
dcterms.subjectdairyingen_US
dcterms.subjectmilken_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen_US
dcterms.subjectepidemiologyen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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