Reviving the Ganges water machine: accelerating surface water and groundwater interactions in the Ramganga sub-basin

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cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Water Management Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.crpWater, Land and Ecosystemsen_US
cg.coverage.countryIndiaen_US
cg.coverage.countryNepalen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2INen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2NPen_US
cg.coverage.regionSouth-eastern Asiaen_US
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Asiaen_US
cg.creator.identifierUpali Amarasinghe: 0000-0002-0088-0648en_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.025en_US
cg.issn0022-1694en_US
cg.journalJournal of Hydrologyen_US
cg.river.basinGANGESen_US
cg.volume540en_US
dc.contributor.authorSurinaidu, L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMuthuwatta, Lal P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAmarasinghe, Upali A.en_US
dc.contributor.authorJain, S.K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKumar, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSingh, S.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-12T05:30:28Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-10-12T05:30:28Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/77238en_US
dc.titleReviving the Ganges water machine: accelerating surface water and groundwater interactions in the Ramganga sub-basinen_US
dcterms.abstractReviving the Ganges Water Machine (GWM), coined 40 years ago, is the most opportune solution for mitigating the impacts of recurrent droughts and floods in the Ganges River Basin in South Asia. GWM create subsurface storage (SSS) by pumping more groundwater from the aquifers before the monsoon for irrigation and other uses and recharge it during the monsoon. The present study uses fully processed and physically based numerical models, MODFLOW and SWAT, in a semi-coupled modelling framework to examine the technical feasibility of recharging the SSS. The aquifer was simulated as a two-layer system using hydrogeological and groundwater data, model was calibrated from 1999 to 2005 and validated from 2006 to 2010. It assesses the impacts of gradual increase of SSS in 10 years from the base year 2010 under two scenarios (increased rainfall or controlled pumping and recharge) to meet a potential unmet demand of 1.68 billion cubic meters (Bm3) in the Ramganga sub-basin with an area of 18,668 km2. The results show that 3–4 m of subsurface storage can be created by groundwater pumping of 0.25 Bm3/year by 2020. Under the controlled pumping and recharge scenario, groundwater recharge and river seepage could increase by 14% (4.21–4.80 Bm3) and 31% (1.10–1.44 Bm3), respectively. However, baseflow will decrease by 30% (0.18–0.12 Bm3) over the same time period. The results also show that recharge increased 44% (4.21–6.05 Bm3) under an increased rainfall scenario. Simultaneously, river seepage and baseflows would increase 36% (1.10–1.14 Bm3) and 11% (0.18–0.20 Bm3), respectively. A well-designed managed aquifer recharge program is required to eliminate the negative impact of river flows in the low flow season.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationSurinaidu, L.; Muthuwatta, Lal; Amarasinghe, Upali Ananda; Jain, S. K.; Kumar, S.; Singh, S. 2016. Reviving the Ganges water machine: accelerating surface water and groundwater interactions in the Ramganga sub-basin. Journal of Hydrology, 540:207-219. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.025en_US
dcterms.extentpp. 207-219en_US
dcterms.issued2016-09en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserveden_US
dcterms.publisherElsevieren_US
dcterms.subjectsurface wateren_US
dcterms.subjectmonsoon climateen_US
dcterms.subjectgroundwater rechargeen_US
dcterms.subjectwater storageen_US
dcterms.subjectwater useen_US
dcterms.subjectwater levelsen_US
dcterms.subjectwater balanceen_US
dcterms.subjectpumpingen_US
dcterms.subjectaquifersen_US
dcterms.subjectriver basinsen_US
dcterms.subjectseepageen_US
dcterms.subjecthydrogeologyen_US
dcterms.subjectmodelsen_US
dcterms.subjectcalibrationen_US
dcterms.subjectflow rateen_US
dcterms.subjectartificial rechargeen_US
dcterms.subjectrainen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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