Determinants of vaccination coverage and consequences for rabies control in Bali, Indonesia

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationCenter for Indonesian Veterinary Analytical Studiesen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Glasgowen
cg.contributor.affiliationBogor Agricultural Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationDenpasar Disease Investigation Centeren
cg.contributor.affiliationINI Veterinary Service, Indonesiaen
cg.contributor.affiliationAirlangga Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationBali Provincial Livestock and Animal Health Officeen
cg.contributor.affiliationColorado State Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorInternational Development Research Centreen
cg.contributor.donorWellcome Trusten
cg.coverage.countryIndonesia
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2ID
cg.coverage.regionAsia
cg.coverage.regionSouth-eastern Asia
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2016.00123en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2297-1769en
cg.journalFrontiers in Veterinary Scienceen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL HEALTHen
cg.subject.ilriDISEASE CONTROLen
cg.subject.ilriVACCINESen
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen
dc.contributor.authorArief, R.A.en
dc.contributor.authorHampson, Karen J.en
dc.contributor.authorJatikusumah, A.en
dc.contributor.authorWidyastuti, M.D.W.en
dc.contributor.authorSunandaren
dc.contributor.authorBasri, C.en
dc.contributor.authorPutra, A.A.G.en
dc.contributor.authorWillyanto, I.en
dc.contributor.authorEstoepangestie, A.T.S.en
dc.contributor.authorMardiana, I.W.en
dc.contributor.authorKesuma, I.K.G.N.en
dc.contributor.authorSumantra, I.P.en
dc.contributor.authorDoherty, Peter F.en
dc.contributor.authorSalman, M.D.en
dc.contributor.authorGilbert, Jeffreyen
dc.contributor.authorUnger, Freden
dc.date.accessioned2017-02-23T09:09:09Zen
dc.date.available2017-02-23T09:09:09Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/79984
dc.titleDeterminants of vaccination coverage and consequences for rabies control in Bali, Indonesiaen
dcterms.abstractMaintaining high vaccination coverage is key to successful rabies control, but mass dog vaccination can be challenging and population turnover erodes coverage. Declines in rabies incidence following successive island-wide vaccination campaigns in Bali suggest that prospects for controlling and ultimately eliminating rabies are good. Rabies, however, has continued to circulate at low levels. In the push to eliminate rabies from Bali, high coverage needs to be maintained across all areas of the island. We carried out door-to-door (DTD) questionnaire surveys (n = 10,352 dog-owning households) and photographic mark–recapture surveys (536 line transects, 2,597 observations of free-roaming dogs) in 2011–2012 to estimate dog population sizes and assess rabies vaccination coverage and dog demographic characteristics in Bali, Indonesia. The median number of dogs per subvillage unit (banjar) was 43 (range 0–307) for owned dogs estimated from the DTD survey and 17 (range 0–83) for unconfined dogs (including both owned and unowned) from transects. Vaccination coverage of owned dogs was significantly higher in adults (91.4%) compared to juveniles (<1 year, 43.9%), likely due to insufficient targeting of pups and from puppies born subsequent to vaccination campaigns. Juveniles had a 10–70 times greater risk of not being vaccinated in urban, suburban, and rural areas [combined odds ratios (ORs): 9.9–71.1, 95% CI: 8.6–96.0]. Free-roaming owned dogs were also 2–3 times more likely to be not vaccinated compared to those confined (combined Ors: 1.9–3.6, 95% CI: 1.4–5.4), with more dogs being confined in urban (71.2%) than in suburban (16.1%) and rural areas (8.0%). Vaccination coverage estimates from transects were also much lower (30.9%) than household surveys (83.6%), possibly due to loss of collars used to identify the vaccination status of free-roaming dogs, but these unconfined dogs may also include dogs that were unowned or more difficult to vaccinate. Overall, coverage levels were high in the owned dog population, but for future campaigns in Bali to have the highest chance of eliminating rabies, concerted effort should be made to vaccinate free-roaming dogs particularly in suburban and rural areas, with advertising to ensure that owners vaccinate pups. Long-lasting, cheap, and quick methods are needed to mark vaccinated animals and reassure communities of the reach of vaccination campaigns.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.bibliographicCitationArief, R.A., Hampson, K., Jatikusumah, A., Widyastuti, M.D.W., Sunandar, Basri, C., Putra, A.A.G., Willyanto, I., Estoepangestie, A.T.S., Mardiana, I.W., Kesuma, I.K.G.N., Sumantra, I.P., Doherty, P.F. Jr., Salman, M.D., Gilbert, J. and Unger, F. 2017. Determinants of vaccination coverage and consequences for rabies control in Bali, Indonesia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 3: 123.en
dcterms.descriptionCorrigendum: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2017.00020en
dcterms.issued2017-01-09en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.publisherFrontiers Mediaen
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen
dcterms.subjectvaccinesen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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