Aflatoxin exposure from milk in rural Kenya and the contribution to the risk of liver cancer

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationRakuno Gakuen Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien_US
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Finlanden_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en_US
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080469en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn2072-6651en_US
cg.issue8en_US
cg.journalToxinsen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTSen_US
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen_US
cg.subject.ilriFOOD SAFETYen_US
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen_US
cg.volume11en_US
dc.contributor.authorSirma, A.J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorMakita, K.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorSenerwa, D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-13T13:40:42Zen_US
dc.date.available2019-08-13T13:40:42Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/102494en_US
dc.titleAflatoxin exposure from milk in rural Kenya and the contribution to the risk of liver canceren_US
dcterms.abstractMilk is an important commodity in Kenya; the country has the largest dairy herd and highest per capita milk consumption in East Africa. As such, hazards in milk are of concern. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) excreted in milk by lactating animals after ingesting AFB1-contaminated feeds. This metabolite is injurious to human health, but there is little information on the risk to human health posed by AFM1 in milk in rural Kenya. To fill this gap, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) applying probabilistic statistical tools to quantify risks was conducted. This assessed the risk of liver cancer posed by AFM1 in milk, assuming 10-fold lower carcinogenicity than AFB1. Data from four agro–ecological zones in Kenya (semi-arid, temperate, sub-humid and humid) were used. We estimated that people were exposed to between 0.3 and 1 ng AFM1 per kg body weight per day through the consumption of milk. The annual incidence rates of cancer attributed to the consumption of AFM1 in milk were 3.5 × 10−3 (95% CI: 3 × 10−3–3.9 × 10−3), 2.9 × 10−3 (95% CI: 2.5 × 10−3–3.3 × 10−3), 1.4 × 10−3 (95% CI: 1.2 × 10−3–1.5 × 10−3) and 2.7 × 10−3 (95% CI: 2.3 × 10−3–3 × 10−3) cancers per 100,000 in adult females, adult males, children 6–18 years old, and in children less than five years old, respectively. Our results show that aflatoxin exposure from milk contributes relatively little to the incidence of liver cancer. Nonetheless, risk managers should take action based on cumulative exposure from all sources of aflatoxins.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2019-08-10en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationSirma, A.J., Makita, K., Grace, D., Senerwa, D. and Lindahl, J.F. 2019. Aflatoxin exposure from milk in rural Kenya and the contribution to the risk of liver cancer. Toxins 11(8): 469.en_US
dcterms.issued2019-08-10en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherMDPIen_US
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen_US
dcterms.subjectmilken_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.subjectfood safetyen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal productsen_US
dcterms.subjectdairyingen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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