Aflatoxin exposure from milk in rural Kenya and the contribution to the risk of liver cancer

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Irrigation, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.affiliationRakuno Gakuen Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorMinistry of Foreign Affairs, Finlanden
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11080469en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2072-6651en
cg.issue8en
cg.journalToxinsen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTSen
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen
cg.subject.ilriFOOD SAFETYen
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen
cg.volume11en
dc.contributor.authorSirma, A.J.en
dc.contributor.authorMakita, K.en
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen
dc.contributor.authorSenerwa, D.en
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-13T13:40:42Zen
dc.date.available2019-08-13T13:40:42Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/102494
dc.titleAflatoxin exposure from milk in rural Kenya and the contribution to the risk of liver canceren
dcterms.abstractMilk is an important commodity in Kenya; the country has the largest dairy herd and highest per capita milk consumption in East Africa. As such, hazards in milk are of concern. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) excreted in milk by lactating animals after ingesting AFB1-contaminated feeds. This metabolite is injurious to human health, but there is little information on the risk to human health posed by AFM1 in milk in rural Kenya. To fill this gap, a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) applying probabilistic statistical tools to quantify risks was conducted. This assessed the risk of liver cancer posed by AFM1 in milk, assuming 10-fold lower carcinogenicity than AFB1. Data from four agro–ecological zones in Kenya (semi-arid, temperate, sub-humid and humid) were used. We estimated that people were exposed to between 0.3 and 1 ng AFM1 per kg body weight per day through the consumption of milk. The annual incidence rates of cancer attributed to the consumption of AFM1 in milk were 3.5 × 10−3 (95% CI: 3 × 10−3–3.9 × 10−3), 2.9 × 10−3 (95% CI: 2.5 × 10−3–3.3 × 10−3), 1.4 × 10−3 (95% CI: 1.2 × 10−3–1.5 × 10−3) and 2.7 × 10−3 (95% CI: 2.3 × 10−3–3 × 10−3) cancers per 100,000 in adult females, adult males, children 6–18 years old, and in children less than five years old, respectively. Our results show that aflatoxin exposure from milk contributes relatively little to the incidence of liver cancer. Nonetheless, risk managers should take action based on cumulative exposure from all sources of aflatoxins.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2019-08-10en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationSirma, A.J., Makita, K., Grace, D., Senerwa, D. and Lindahl, J.F. 2019. Aflatoxin exposure from milk in rural Kenya and the contribution to the risk of liver cancer. Toxins 11(8): 469.en
dcterms.issued2019-08-10en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherMDPIen
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen
dcterms.subjectmilken
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.subjectfood safetyen
dcterms.subjectanimal productsen
dcterms.subjectdairyingen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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