Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mixed crop-livestock farmers on Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and other zoonoses in Burkina Faso

Ilboudo, A.K., Dione, M., Nijhof, A.M., Groschup, M.H., Traoré, O., Ilboudo, G.S., Tarnagda, Z., Savadogo, M. and Bett, B. 2025. Factors associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mixed crop-livestock farmers on Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and other zoonoses in Burkina Faso. One Health 20: 101066.

Background: The burden of zoonotic diseases remains high in low and middle-income countries. Among the prevalent zoonoses, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) can pose economic and health threats, particularly among at-risk professionals. We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CCHF and other zoonoses among mixed-crop livestock farmers in the rural settings of Burkina Faso.

Methods: A cross-sectional study that involved selected households from sixteen villages was conducted. Consenting participants aged six and above were randomly included, and a structured questionnaire that collected socio-economic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practices concerning CCHF and other zoonoses was administered. Two index outcome variables were created based on an elaborated scale: i) attitudes and practices at risk of CCHF; and ii) knowledge toward zoonoses. Descriptive statistics were performed, and univariable ordinary least squares (OLS) and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) were used for univariable and multivariable modeling, respectively, to assess the drivers of both outcomes.

Results: Of the 717 respondents, 66.4 % were male, and 20.4 % were under 15 years old. The attitudes and practices at risk were high (48.1 %), and the knowledge toward zoonoses was limited for 47.8 % of the farmers. Our multivariable SUR model shows higher odds of attitudes and practices at risk of CCHF among men (Coef [95 %CI] = 2.85[2.14;3.56]; p-value<0.001). This risk increases with the distance of the livestock grazing area, and among the households owning their livestock grazing area (Coef [95 %CI] = 1.57[0.47;2.66]; p-value = 0.005). The farmer's age (Coef[95 % CI] = 0.02[0.002;0.04]; p-value = 0.028), the male gender (Coef 95 %CI] = 1.5[0.94;2.14]; p-value<0.001), the household's farming surface (Coef[95 %CI] = 0.03[0.002;0.6]; p-value = 0.032), were the significant factors driving knowledge of zoonoses among the farmers.

Conclusion: The study reveals a concerning high-risk behavior associated with CCHF among mixed-crop livestock farmers in rural Burkina Faso. The identified socio-demographic drivers underscore the importance of targeted educational and preventive measures to mitigate the impact of CCHF in this vulnerable population.