CGIAR Initiative on One Health
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/114641
The One Health approach recognizes the interconnections between the health of people, animals, and their shared environment. The One Health Initiative will generate evidence and develop tools enabling the redesign of food systems based on One Health principles, with a focus on reducing human disease risks. More information
Part of the CGIAR Action Area on Resilient Agrifood Systems
Primary CGIAR impact area: Nutrition, health and food security
https://www.cgiar.org/initiative/one-health/
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Recent Submissions
Item Flexible assessment of biosecurity in small- and medium scale poultry farms in low and middle income countries(Journal Article, 2025-02-08) Nielsen, S.S.; Kemunto, Naomi P.; Muloi, Dishon M.; Bojesen, A.M.; Knight-Jones, Theodore J.D.; Ayebare, Dreck; Dione, Michel M.; Ibayi, Eugine L.; Poulsen, L.L.; Moodley, ArshneeBackground: Biosecurity measures are essential for mitigating the risk of pathogen introduction and spread in farms. While standardised tools for monitoring biosecurity implementation exist, they are often not tailored to the specific needs of low and middle income countries (LMICs), where pathogen occurrence and farming practices can be highly variable compared to intensive high income country settings. The aim of our study was to develop a flexible risk assessment tool for evaluating biosecurity practices on small and medium-scale poultry farms in LMICs. The methodology described here allows local experts to adapt the tool to current conditions. Results: The development process began by combining two existing questionnaires. These were evaluated by nine experts with expertise in diverse farming systems in LMICs. The experts conducted a knowledge aggregation process to assign weights to the different areas and individual questions within the questionnaires. The median scores from the final expert elicitation informed the weighting of questions in the newly developed questionnaire. These weights are adaptable and can be adjusted to reflect population-specific conditions, which may vary in pathogen load and farming practices. Conclusions: We have developed a flexible biosecurity assessment tool tailored to small-and medium-scaled poultry farms in LMICs. This tool can be used as presented or adapted to local conditions through the input of local experts, allowing for effective and context-specific biosecurity monitoring.Item Systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of important foodborne pathogens isolated from retail chicken meat and associated environments in India(Journal Article, 2025-02-07) Ayoub, H.; Kumar, M.S.; Dubal, Z.B.; Bhilegaonkar, K.N.; Hung Nguyen-Viet; Grace, Delia; Thapliyal, S.; Sanjumon, E.S.; Sneha, E.N.P.; Premkumar, D.; Rajendran, V.K.O.; Deka, Ram PratimThe chicken value chain, a vital part of the global food supply, also represents a significant public health concern due to the risk of foodborne pathogens, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of significant bacterial pathogens including Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. in retail chicken meat and associated environments and the antimicrobial resistance based on the articles published between January 2010–December 2023. The research adhered to the guidelines in the ’Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ (PRISMA). Based on 90 included studies, S. aureus showed the highest pooled prevalence (56%; 95% CI: 38–74%), followed by E. coli (50%; 95% CI: 37–64%), C. perfringens (35%; 95% CI: 10–65%), and K. pneumoniae (21%; 95% CI: 7–38%). Salmonella spp. (95% CI: 11–26%) and Campylobacter spp. (95% CI: 11–27%) exhibited similar prevalence rates at 18%, while L. monocytogenes had the lowest prevalence at 13% (95% CI: 1–33%). A sensitivity analysis was subsequently conducted to assess the impact of influential studies, and the pooled prevalence of each pathogen was recalculated after removing these studies to ensure the robustness of the results. The pathogens, specifically Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp., displayed high levels of resistance to medically important antimicrobials (erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, colistin), a potential threat to human health. This study advocates for a collaborative and comprehensive approach, reflecting the multifaceted nature of the issue, and highlighting the importance of a holistic strategy to safeguard public health and maintain antibiotic effectiveness in the face of emerging challenges.Item Field activity report: Thai Nguyen One Health field site implementation(Report, 2025-01-31) Pham Thi Trang; Phan Thi Hong Phuc; Tran Nhat Thang; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Dang Thi Thuy Linh; Nguyen Le Thanh; Unger, Fred; Hung Nguyen-VietNorthern Vietnam has been severely impacted by Typhoon Yagi, causing extensive destruction to livestock, particularly in Thai Nguyen and Quang Ninh. Prolonged flooding and widespread landslides have led to severe environmental pollution, creating favorable conditions for the proliferation of pathogens and vectors. This poses significant risks for outbreaks and the spread of animal diseases, increasing food safety concerns due to water pollution and contaminated food, which have severe implications for human, animal, and environmental health. This activity falls under the framework of the CGIAR One Health Initiative - Protecting Human Health through a One Health Approach and the ASEAN-CGIAR Innovate for Food and Nutrition Security project. The anticipated partner for collaboration with ILRI and implementation of the activity is Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), with activities scheduled from September to December 2024. Through the Thai Nguyen One Health field site, the initiative, in collaboration with TUAF, has provided emergency support to mitigate the effects of typhoon and flooding on human, animal, and environmental health in Thai Nguyen and Quang Ninh. This support includes the supply of materials and tools, cleaning and disinfection of water and surrounding areas, and the disposal of animal carcasses in livestock farms, traditional markets, and residential areas. These efforts aim to protect human, animal, and environmental health through a One Health approach. This collaboration is essential for students in the One Health Club to engage in interdisciplinary coordination with local authorities to promptly respond to disasters and control and prevent animal diseases and food safety risks.Item Enhancing disease surveillance through data digitization in meat inspection(Report, 2024-07-23) Kimani, Daniel; Chemutai, Abigael; Cook, Elizabeth A.J.Item Supporting One Health coordination toward safer food: insights from technical working groups in Vietnam and Ethiopia(Presentation, 2024-07-29) Lam, Steven; Sinh Dang-Xuan; Bekele, Meseret; Amenu, Kebede; Alonso, Silvia; Unger, Fred; Hung Nguyen-VietItem Responses to reducing effects of typhoon and flooding to human, animal and environmental health(Poster, 2024-10-16) Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and ForestryItem One Health training program success at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry(Poster, 2024-10-16) Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and ForestryItem Loitoktok One Health laboratory: A beacon of hope for livestock, community, and research(Video, 2025-01-31) International Livestock Research InstituteThe One Health Laboratory in Oloitoktok sub-County is managed in collaboration with the County Government of Kajiado. Interviews with members of the community, the local veterinary services and ILRI staff involved in operating and funding the lab show its importance and value.Item Stakeholder workshop on the dissemination of findings of interventions to improve food safety in red meat vendor shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia(Report, 2024-12-13) Amenu, Kebede; Dinede, Getachew; Keba, Abdi; Lam, Steven; Mekonnen, A.; Abate, Gashaw T.; Hoffmann, Vivian; Grace, Delia; Hung Nguyen-VietThe objectives of the workshop were to share the preliminary results of CGIAR initiatives related to food safety activities in Ethiopia and discuss challenges, successes, lessons learned and the way forward.Item Using mobile syndromic surveillance at slaughter in Kenya and Uganda(Presentation, 2024-11-15) Cook, Elizabeth A.J.; Mugizi, Denis; Obilil, Innocent; Roesel, Kristina; Bett, Bernard K.Item Item Gender and antimicrobial resistance: a conceptual framework for researchers working in livestock systems(Journal Article, 2025-01-28) Emdin, F.; Galiè, Alessandra; Moodley, Arshnee; Van Katwyk, S.R.Background: To promote gender mainstreaming in future AMR research projects and policy implementation within livestock and other systems, researchers need to embrace gender-responsive research methodologies. Ignoring gender considerations can lead to unsustainable interventions and exacerbate existing equity gaps. Incorporating gender analysis is crucial for identifying data collection needs and opportunities to develop gender-responsive research programs and policies. Objectives: We have developed a conceptual framework and a set of research questions designed to enhance the gender-responsiveness of AMR research in livestock systems. Methods: A narrative review previously identified three key entry points for gender dynamic impacting AMR in agricultural systems: gendered antimicrobial resistance exposure, gendered antimicrobial use and gendered outcomes of antimicrobial resistance infections. This information was then analyzed using a health system gender framework. Combining these insights, we developed a comprehensive list of research questions. Results: We developed comprehensive list of gender-related questions. Given the limited understanding of how gender dynamics and norms influence AMR, we have primarily proposed qualitative, exploratory questions. These questions are categorized into two types: integrated and strategic. Integrated questions offer a deeper understanding of gender dynamics and norms in livestock systems with the aim of improving them, while strategic questions focus on gender-related issues in livestock as entry points, highlighting some of the mechanisms behind these gender issues to progress towards gender equality. Conclusion: As gender-analysis in livestock research gains prominence, there is an increasing expectation for AMR researchers to integrate gender considerations into their work. This framework provides a starting point for researchers aiming to enhance gender inclusivity and considerations in AMR research within livestock systems. The next phase of our project will involve applying this framework in the field, where a real-life application will enable its validation and further refinement.Item Advancing the CGIAR-France partnership in resilient agri-food systems(Video, 2025-01-27) International Livestock Research Institute; Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développementThe ‘Advancing CGIAR – France Partnership in CGIAR Action Area: Resilient Agri-Food Systems’ workshop, on 5-6 December 2024, at CIRAD in Paris, focused on strengthening collaboration between CGIAR and French institutions in building resilient agri-food and agri-health systems. This partnership, which started in 2012, is tackling challenges in food security, nutrition, and climate change through joint research. The workshop discussed agri-health systems, identified knowledge gaps, and developed concrete actions for future collaboration, including a White Paper. One Health, sustainable food systems, and funding opportunities were also discussed.Item Detection and profiling of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in tilapia and shrimp sold at Dhaka’s wet markets, Bangladesh(Report, 2024-12-31) Rheman, Shafiq; Hossain, SabrinaWorldFish, as a non-profit research organization, is working with different government and non-government organizations in Bangladesh on different aspects of fisheries and aquaculture. WorldFish signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to collaborate in the area of aquatic animal health management. In this context, WorldFish delivered a talk to Masters students organized by Fisheries and Marine Resources Technology Discipline (FMRT), Khulna University, Bangladesh. The main objective of this talk was to discuss the findings of a recent study related to antimicrobialresistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. The talk entiled as “Detection and profiling of antimicrobialresistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in tilapia and shrimp sold at Dhaka’s wet markets, Bangladesh” was divided into two sessions.Item Epidemiological cut-off values for Vibrio parahaemo lyticus calculated from minimal inhibitory concentration data generated at 35 and 28°C(Journal Article) Smith, Peter; Joseph, Andrew; Baker-Austin, Craig; Kang, Nisha; Baron, Sandrine; Le Devendec, Laëtitia; Jouy, Eric; Chisnall, Thomas; Davies, Alistair R.; Schwarz, Stefan; Feßler, Andrea T.; Ahrens, Tanja; Jahnen, Johanna; Alter, Thomas; Fleischmann, Susanne; Hammerl, Jens Andre; Jäckel, Claudia; Gieseker, Charles; Crosby, Tina C.; Kittel, Elliott C.; Miller, Ron A.; Alexander, Trevor; Carranza, Kayleigh; Burbick, Claire B.; Ching, Biyun; Heng Soh, Jun; Chng, You Rong; Wong, Wai Kwan; Fernandez, Charlene J.; Chang, Siow Foong; Verner-Jeffreys, David; Powell, AndyThis work was performed to generate the data needed to set epidemiological cut-off values for minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 10 antimicrobial agents against Vibrio parahaemolyticus determined using standardised broth microdilution protocols. Eight laboratories performed broth microdilution tests with incubation at 35°C for 16 to 20 h, and 7 also performed tests on the same isolates with incubation at 28°C for 24 to 28 h. Data were analysed by the ECOFFinder and normalised resistance interpretation algorithms. The cut-off values calculated for ceftazidime, florfenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, 1, 1 and 0.25/4.75 µg ml-1, respectively, were the same when calculated from data obtained at both temperatures. The cut-off values calculated from data obtained at 35°C and from data obtained at 28°C were 0.25 and 0.5 µg ml-1 for enrofloxacin, 2 and 4 µg ml-1 for gentamicin, 0.5 and 1 µg ml-1 for oxolinic acid and 2 and 1 µg ml-1 for oxytetracycline, respectively. The influence of incubation temperature on MIC values was investigated by comparing MICs obtained at 35 and 28°C for a specific antimicrobial agent with a particular isolate by an individual laboratory. Results showed that 56% of 1473 of these paired MIC values were identical, while 38% differed from one another by not more than 1 dilution step. The data generated in this work will be submitted to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for consideration in their setting of internationally agreed epidemiological cut-off values for V. parahaemolyticus that are essential for interpreting antimicrobial susceptibility testing data of this species.Item Building capacity to tackle the threat of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture in Asia and Africa using a One Health approach(Presentation, 2024-12-31) Verner-Jeffreys, DavidThe presentation highlights the challenges of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture across Asia and Africa and advocates for a One Health approach to address this issue. It outlines the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, and the role of conjugative plasmids in spreading AMR. Proposed solutions include capacity building through regulation enhancement, AMU/AMR surveillance, laboratory diagnostics, and biosecurity measures. The presentation emphasizes global collaboration, exemplified by the UK FAO Reference Centre for AMR and initiatives like training, AMU surveys, and pilot programs. It underscores the importance of cost-effective disease control strategies, including vaccination and alternative measures, to promote sustainable aquaculture practices.Item Workshop Report: AMR in Aquaculture - Result Sharing and Way Forward(Report, 2024-12-30) Rheman, Shafiq; Hossain, Sabrina; Al Mahmud, AbdullahOn November 16, 2024, WorldFish organized a one-day workshop titled “AMR in Aquaculture: Results Sharing and Way Forward” in Dhaka to present the findings and lessons learned from the research study. The workshop engaged diverse actors in addressing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenges facing Bangladesh's aquaculture sector. A total of 59 participants from a diverse range of stakeholders attended the workshop, including representatives from government agencies, academics from various universities, development organizations, research institutes, veterinarians and other practitioners, and farmers. The participants brought a wide array of perspectives and expertise, contributing to enriching discussions and collaborative efforts to address the pressing issue of AMR in Bangladesh's aquaculture. The workshop was structured into four main sessions: open talk, result sharing, community voices, and group activity sessions.Item WorldFish activities on AMU/AMR in aquaculture(Presentation, 2024-10-31) Khor, LauraThis presentation provides an overview of WorldFish's efforts to tackle AMU and AMR in aquaculture, focusing on its global initiatives, including work in Bangladesh. It describes capacity-building activities like training on bacteriological sampling, developing survey tools, and creating learning resources such as an aquamedicines photobook for AMU referencing. The presentation emphasizes multi-sectoral collaboration under the One Health Initiative, highlighting the development of biosecurity modules, participatory modeling approaches, and advanced diagnostic protocols. It also showcases WorldFish's partnerships and its work on behavior change among value chain actors to reduce AMR risks in aquatic food systems.Item Data collection tools on disease and AMU in aquaculture(Presentation, 2024-12-09) Khor, LauraThis presentation focuses on the implementation of digital tools for efficient data collection and disease outbreak management in aquaculture. It introduces tools like the Fish Epidemiology and Health Economics Survey and AMU surveys to gather baseline data on farm practices, inputs, and biosecurity. These tools enable offline data collection and real-time reporting through platforms like KoboToolbox. The presentation also discusses agrovet surveys and the development of diagnostic guides for sampling and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The insights aim to refine national strategies, improve surveillance, and support One Health-focused AMU/AMR mitigation in aquatic animal health.Item Understanding AMU/R in Bangladesh's Aquaculture: challenges, approaches and lessons learned(Presentation, 2024-12-10) Rheman, ShafiqThis presentation highlights the challenges and strategies for addressing antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Bangladesh's aquaculture sector. With Bangladesh being the fifth-largest inland aquaculture producer, the presentation examines the diversity of farmed species, production systems, and techniques, as well as the lack of comprehensive data on AMU practices. It outlines steps to track AMU/AMR at the farm level, including situational analysis, data collection, and laboratory analysis. The presentation also identifies significant gaps in governance, data collection, and multi-sectoral coordination, emphasizing the need for improved surveillance and One Health-based interventions