Pesticide exposure, health impacts, predeterminism, and health insurance demand among Pakistani farmers: Implications for policy

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cg.contributor.affiliationLeibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Germany
cg.contributor.affiliationNational University of Medical Sciences
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center
cg.contributor.affiliationOSCE Academy in Bishkek
cg.contributor.affiliationHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Fund
cg.contributor.initiativeTransforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia
cg.coverage.countryPakistan
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2PK
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Asia
cg.creator.identifierMuhammad Arshad: 0000-0002-6948-7094
cg.creator.identifierSreejith Aravindakshan: 0000-0003-3801-3221
cg.creator.identifierTimothy Joseph Krupnik: 0000-0001-6973-0106
cg.howPublishedFormally Published
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101905
cg.identifier.urlhttps://hdl.handle.net/10883/35625
cg.isijournalISI Journal
cg.issn2666-1543
cg.journalJournal of Agriculture and Food Research
cg.reviewStatusPeer Review
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.impactAreaClimate adaptation and mitigation
dc.contributor.authorMuhammad Arshad
dc.contributor.authorYasir Mehmood
dc.contributor.authorAravindakshan, Sreejith
dc.contributor.authorUllah, Ayat
dc.contributor.authorSieber, Stefan
dc.contributor.authorKrupnik, Timothy Joseph
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-30T22:42:17Z
dc.date.available2025-05-30T22:42:17Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/174893
dc.titlePesticide exposure, health impacts, predeterminism, and health insurance demand among Pakistani farmers: Implications for policy
dcterms.abstractThe indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides, regardless of pest infestation, is widespread in the developing world to mitigate agricultural losses. Farmers face significant health risks from pesticides, yet indemnity provision is often neglected in policy discussions. Socio-cultural factors, including religion and trust in governments, can influence indemnity demand, especially among religious communities. However, little to no attention has been given to religious predeterminism and public trust in indemnity service design. We employed a novel approach integrating count data models with contingent valuation to analyze the health impacts of pesticide use and influence of socioeconomic factors, particularly religious predeterminism and public trust, on health insurance demand among farmers in rural Pakistan. Results reveal critical health risks posed by pesticide use among farmers and highlight the limited willingness to pay for health insurance to mitigate these risks. Findings from the Negative Binomial (NB) regression model showed significant positive effects of pesticide quantity (β = 0.607, p < 0.05), WHO Class IA-and-IB pesticides (β = 0.420, p < 0.05), and WHO Class II pesticides (β = 0.277, p < 0.05) on farmers' health. Religious predeterminism and public trust significantly influence farmers' willingness to pay, with only about 27 % of farmers expressing readiness to pay an average of US$4.02 per annum for health insurance. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored health insurance designs that accommodate religious beliefs. Policy initiatives should focus on educating farmers about safe pesticide use and health insurance benefits. Governments can build public trust through subsidized insurance schemes to reduce farmers' out-of-pocket health expenses. The findings emphasize the role of socio-cultural factors, in shaping insurance uptake, suggesting that health insurance policies must be tailored to align with farmers’ belief systems. Government-led initiatives, including subsidized insurance schemes, are essential to enhance public trust, foster safe farming practices, and support sustainable agriculture.
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.available2025-04-10
dcterms.bibliographicCitationArshad, M., Mehmood, Y., Aravindakshan, S., Ullah, A., Sieber, S., & Krupnik, T. J. (2025). Pesticide exposure, health impacts, predeterminism, and health insurance demand among Pakistani farmers: Implications for policy. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 21, 101905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2025.101905
dcterms.issued2025-06
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherElsevier
dcterms.subjectoccupational hazards
dcterms.subjecthuman health
dcterms.subjectcontingent valuation
dcterms.subjecthealth insurance
dcterms.subjectpolicies
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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