Trends and determinants of India’s virtual water trade in crop products

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR single centreen
cg.contributor.donorIndian Council of Agricultural Researchen
cg.coverage.countryIndia
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2IN
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Asia
cg.coverage.regionAsia
cg.creator.identifierAnjani Kumar: 0000-0001-8920-6598
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.137023en
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Development Strategies and Governance Unit
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Systems Transformation - Transformation Strategies
cg.identifier.publicationRankNot ranked
cg.number2213en
cg.placeWashington, DCen
cg.reviewStatusInternal Reviewen
dc.contributor.authorKannan, Elumalaien
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Anjanien
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-14T12:09:22Zen
dc.date.available2024-03-14T12:09:22Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/140342
dc.titleTrends and determinants of India’s virtual water trade in crop productsen
dcterms.abstractThis paper analyzed the determinants of India’s virtual water trade in crops and crop products for the period 2001 to 2020. The study used product data at the 6-digit level of commodity classification, covering 206 commodities traded across 218 partner countries. Analysis shows that India has a favorable virtual water trade balance and terms of trade with its partner countries. Among the commodities traded, rice accounted for over one-fourth of the total volume of virtual water exported, and sunflower/safflower oil constitute over one-third of the total volume of virtual water imported. No consistent pattern was observed with regard to the level of endowment of water resources of export destination countries. Gravity model results revealed, as expected, that partner countries’ GDP and population size had a positive effect on virtual water exports, while distance had a negative effect. The coefficient of membership in a free trade agreement (FTA) was negative and statistically significant, implying that FTA member countries are sensitive to the trading of water-intensive agricultural products. The effect of amount of arable land on virtual water exports was negative; this implies that larger virtual water exports correlate with land constraints in a destination country that impede domestic agricultural production. The water endowment variables did not show any significant relationship with virtual water export flows, which confirms the finding in the literature that the water stress of a partner countries does not affect the direction of virtual water flows.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.bibliographicCitationKannan, Elumalai; and Kumar, Anjani. 2023. Trends and determinants of India’s virtual water trade in crop products. IFPRI Discussion Paper 2213. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.137023.en
dcterms.extent43 p.en
dcterms.isPartOfIFPRI Discussion Paperen
dcterms.issued2023-12-12
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.publisherInternational Food Policy Research Instituteen
dcterms.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.135874en
dcterms.relationhttps://doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.135900en
dcterms.replaceshttps://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/collection/p15738coll2/id/137023en
dcterms.subjecttrade liberalizationen
dcterms.subjectcommoditiesen
dcterms.subjectcropsen
dcterms.subjectwateren
dcterms.subjectcapacity developmenten
dcterms.subjecttradeen
dcterms.typeWorking Paper

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