Ecological risks and risk mitigation measures related to water quality and agriculture

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cg.contributor.affiliationUnited Nations Environmental Programmeen
cg.contributor.affiliationUnited Nations Convention to Combat Desertificationen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Water Management Instituteen
cg.contributor.crpWater, Land and Ecosystems
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.initiativeResilient Cities
cg.creator.identifierDrechsel, Pay: 0000-0002-2592-8812en
cg.identifier.iwmilibraryH052245en
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
dc.contributor.authorLamizana, B.en
dc.contributor.authorDrechsel, Payen
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-30T20:22:55Zen
dc.date.available2023-09-30T20:22:55Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/132083
dc.titleEcological risks and risk mitigation measures related to water quality and agricultureen
dcterms.abstractAddressing the ecological impacts of agriculture on water quality, this contribution highlights the urgent need for landscape-based risk mitigation to preserve freshwater ecosystem services. Agricultural practices including monocropping, fertilizer and pesticide use, irrigation drainage, and livestock and aquaculture operations contribute significantly to pollution, biodiversity loss, and downstream eutrophication. The document outlines how nutrient runoff, sedimentation, and chemical contamination from farms disturb aquatic life, reduce oxygen levels, and degrade wetland functions. Emphasizing a precautionary, ecosystem-health approach, the text promotes good agricultural practices tailored to local conditions. These include soil conservation techniques, optimized fertilizer and pesticide use, integrated pest management, and environmentally sound irrigation design. For livestock and aquaculture, waste containment and water treatment measures such as constructed wetlands are recommended. Benchmark indicators like nitrogen and phosphorus thresholds, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and toxic element concentrations are used to assess ecosystem integrity. The brief also recognizes the importance of behavior change, community awareness, and economic incentives such as certification schemes and payment for ecosystem services (PES) to encourage adoption of sustainable practices. By integrating practical controls with ecological criteria, the guidance offers a roadmap for balancing productivity and environmental resilience in agro-ecosystems.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.bibliographicCitationLamizana, B.; Drechsel, Pay. 2023. Ecological risks and risk mitigation measures related to water quality and agriculture. In Drechsel, Pay; Marjani Zadeh, S.; Salcedo, F. P. (Eds.). Water quality in agriculture: risks and risk mitigation. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). pp.109-117.en
dcterms.descriptionIn Drechsel, Pay; Marjani Zadeh, S.; Salcedo, F. P. (Eds.). Water quality in agriculture: risks and risk mitigation. Rome, Italy: FAO; Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI).en
dcterms.extentpp.109-117.en
dcterms.issued2023-09-08en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-NC-SA-3.0-IGO
dcterms.subjectwater qualityen
dcterms.subjectwater pollutionen
dcterms.subjectagricultural pollutionen
dcterms.subjectecological factorsen
dcterms.subjectrisk reductionen
dcterms.subjectcontaminationen
dcterms.subjectgood agricultural practicesen
dcterms.subjectfreshwater ecosystemsen
dcterms.subjectphysicochemical propertiesen
dcterms.typeBook Chapter

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