Socioeconomic gradients in child development in very young children: Evidence from India, Indonesia, Peru, and Senegal

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR single centreen
cg.coverage.countryIndia
cg.coverage.countryIndonesia
cg.coverage.countryPeru
cg.coverage.countrySenegal
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2IN
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2ID
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2PE
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2SN
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Asia
cg.coverage.regionSouth-eastern Asia
cg.coverage.regionLatin America
cg.coverage.regionWestern Africa
cg.coverage.regionSub-Saharan Africa
cg.coverage.regionAsia
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionSouth America
cg.creator.identifierMelissa Hidrobo: 0000-0003-2121-9522
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121241109en
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division
cg.identifier.publicationRankA Plus
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn0027-8424en
cg.issn1091-6490en
cg.issuesupplement_2en
cg.journalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americaen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.volume109en
dc.contributor.authorFernald, Lia C. H.en
dc.contributor.authorKariger, Patricia K.en
dc.contributor.authorHidrobo, Melissaen
dc.contributor.authorGertler, Paul J.en
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-01T13:55:48Zen
dc.date.available2024-10-01T13:55:48Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/153222
dc.titleSocioeconomic gradients in child development in very young children: Evidence from India, Indonesia, Peru, and Senegalen
dcterms.abstractGradients across socio-economic position exist for many measures of children's health and development in higher-income countries. These associations may not be consistent, however, among the millions of children living in lower- and middle-income countries. Our objective was to examine child development and growth in young children across socio-economic position in four developing countries. We used cross-sectional surveys, child development assessments, measures of length (LAZ), and home stimulation (Family Care Index) of children in India, Indonesia, Peru, and Senegal. The Extended Ages and Stages Questionnaire (EASQ) was administered to parents of all children ages 3–23 mo in the household ( n =8,727), and length measurements were taken for all children 0–23 mo ( n = 11,102). Household wealth and maternal education contributed significantly and independently to the variance in EASQ and LAZ scores in all countries, while controlling for child's age and sex, mother's age and marital status, and household size. Being in the fifth wealth quintile in comparison with the first quintile was associated with significantly higher EASQ scores (0.27 to 0.48 of a standardized score) and higher LAZ scores (0.37 to 0.65 of a standardized score) in each country, while controlling for maternal education and covariates. Wealth and education gradients increased over the first two years in most countries for both EASQ and LAZ scores, with larger gradients seen in 16–23-mo-olds than in 0–7mo-olds. Mediation analyses revealed that parental home stimulation activities and LAZ were significant mediating variables and explained up to 50% of the wealth effects on the EASQ.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.available2012-10-08
dcterms.bibliographicCitationFernald, Lia C. H.; Kariger, Patricia K.; Hidrobo, Melissa; Gertler, Paul J. 2012. Socioeconomic gradients in child development in very young children: Evidence from India, Indonesia, Peru, and Senegal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) 109(Supplement 2): 17273-17280en
dcterms.extentpp. 17273-17280en
dcterms.issued2012-10-16
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
dcterms.publisherProceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesen
dcterms.replaceshttps://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/collection/p15738coll5/id/3738en
dcterms.subjectincome distributionen
dcterms.subjectlow-income countriesen
dcterms.subjectpovertyen
dcterms.subjectdeveloping countriesen
dcterms.subjectlow income groupsen
dcterms.subjectincomeen
dcterms.subjectchildrenen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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