Business models for fecal sludge management in India

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cg.contributor.crpWater, Land and Ecosystems
cg.coverage.countryIndia
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2IN
cg.coverage.regionSouthern Asia
cg.creator.identifierPay Drechsel: 0000-0002-2592-8812en
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.5337/2020.209en
cg.identifier.iwmilibraryH050010en
cg.isbn978-92-9090-903-3en
cg.issn2478-0510en
cg.issn2478-0529en
cg.number18: Special Issueen
cg.placeColombo, Sri Lankaen
dc.contributor.authorRao, Krishna C.en
dc.contributor.authorVelidandla, S.en
dc.contributor.authorScott, C. L.en
dc.contributor.authorDrechsel, Payen
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-25T14:03:56Zen
dc.date.available2020-09-25T14:03:56Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/109662
dc.titleBusiness models for fecal sludge management in Indiaen
dcterms.abstractGlobally, 50% of the population relies on on-site sanitation systems (OSS) such as septic tanks and pit latrines and is, hence, in need of Fecal Sludge Management (FSM) solutions. India is a classic example, given that its government built more than 100 million toilets with the majority relying on OSS. With 400 fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTPs) in various stages of planning, procurement and construction, this report comes at an opportune time to present findings on FSM business models already implemented across India. Interviews were conducted with a total of 105 Emptying and Transport (E&T) operators in 72 towns and cities across 16 states in India, 22 representatives from municipalities that own emptying vehicles, 18 FSTP operators and more than 30 institutions. In addition, procurement tenders for E&T and FSTPs in 13 states were analyzed. In total, 18 business models were identified, several with energy or nutrient recovery components. The analysis of E&T operators revealed clear differences that steer a business towards success or failure. The majority of operators still dispose fecal sludge in an unsafe manner, due to the lack of official disposal or treatment sites. In comparison to sewer networks, the capital and operating costs (per capita) of FSTPs were significantly lower. The report provides evidence-based discussions on policies and recommendations for scaling and sustaining FSM.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.available2020en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationRao, Krishna C.; Velidandla, S.; Scott, C. L.; Drechsel, Pay. 2020. Business models for fecal sludge management in India. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE). 199p. (Resource Recovery and Reuse Series 18: Special Issue) [doi: 10.5337/2020.209]en
dcterms.extent199p.en
dcterms.isPartOfResource Recovery and Reuse Seriesen
dcterms.issued2020en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
dcterms.publisherInternational Water Management Instituteen
dcterms.subjectcase studiesen
dcterms.subjecthouseholdsen
dcterms.subjectcompostingen
dcterms.subjectbiogasen
dcterms.subjectnutrientsen
dcterms.subjectenergy recoveryen
dcterms.subjecttaxesen
dcterms.subjectgovernment procurementen
dcterms.subjecttechnologyen
dcterms.subjectrisken
dcterms.subjectprofitabilityen
dcterms.subjectbenefitsen
dcterms.subjectcost recoveryen
dcterms.subjectoperating costsen
dcterms.subjectinvestmenten
dcterms.subjectpricingen
dcterms.subjectmarketingen
dcterms.subjectfundingen
dcterms.subjectfinancial viabilityen
dcterms.subjectnongovernmental organizationsen
dcterms.subjectstakeholdersen
dcterms.subjectpublic-private partnershipsen
dcterms.subjecturban areasen
dcterms.subjecttreatment plantsen
dcterms.subjecttransporten
dcterms.subjectwaste disposalen
dcterms.subjecttoiletsen
dcterms.subjectseptic tanksen
dcterms.subjectsolid wastesen
dcterms.subjectsustainable development goalsen
dcterms.subjectsanitationen
dcterms.subjecthygieneen
dcterms.subjectdesludgingen
dcterms.subjectwaste treatmenten
dcterms.subjectvalue chainsen
dcterms.subjectbusiness modelsen
dcterms.subjectwaste managementen
dcterms.subjectfaecal sludgeen
dcterms.subjectreuseen
dcterms.subjectresource managementen
dcterms.subjectresource recoveryen
dcterms.typeReport

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