Multi-mycotoxin occurrence and their risk to poultry health in semi-intensive broiler farms in Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationGhent Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liverpoolen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Johannesburgen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Copenhagenen
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.donorGhent Universityen
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Health
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierJane Njaramba: 0000-0003-0878-8317en
cg.creator.identifierDishon Muloi: 0000-0002-6236-2280en
cg.creator.identifierArshnee Moodley: 0000-0002-6469-3948en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2025.105008en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn0032-5791en
cg.issue5en
cg.journalPoultry Scienceen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.ilriAFLATOXINSen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL HEALTHen
cg.subject.ilriPOULTRYen
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 2 - Zero hungeren
cg.volume104en
dc.contributor.authorNjaramba, Jane K.en
dc.contributor.authorMuloi, Dishon M.en
dc.contributor.authorVelde, M.V.en
dc.contributor.authorSaeger, S.D.en
dc.contributor.authorIbayi, Eugine L.en
dc.contributor.authorMoodley, Arshneeen
dc.contributor.authorAntonissen, G.en
dc.date.accessioned2025-03-10T11:16:01Zen
dc.date.available2025-03-10T11:16:01Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/173536
dc.titleMulti-mycotoxin occurrence and their risk to poultry health in semi-intensive broiler farms in Kenyaen
dcterms.abstractScarcity of feed ingredients, unregulated feed mills, and limited monitoring of mycotoxin levels in feed increase the risk of mycotoxin exposure for poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined mycotoxins in feed from 122 Kenyan broiler farms and an association between on-farm feed handling practices and mycotoxin levels. Using a validated multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS), all feed samples contained at least one mycotoxin and 93% (n=113) had >3 mycotoxins. The most prevalent EU-regulated mycotoxins detected were fumonisins (92.6%; 72.7 – 1285.3 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (88%; 96.6 – 2131.2 μg/kg), aflatoxins (37%; 4.2 – 87.8 μg/kg), and ochratoxin A (4%; range 14.90 – 59.20 μg/kg). Deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, and zearalenone frequently co-occurred in the feed samples. Among the surveyed farms, 33% (n= 40) were at risk of subclinical exposure to deoxynivalenol, while 14% and 7% faced similar risks from total aflatoxins and fumonisins, respectively. Univariate analysis found no significant associations between farm-specific feed handling practices and mycotoxin levels in feed. This study found a high co-occurrence of mycotoxin at low to moderate concentrations in compound broiler feed from the selected farms. While these levels pose a potential risk, no direct link to broiler health outcomes was found. Our findings highlight the need for further research to explore the effects of subclinical mycotoxin exposure on broilers and to develop context-specific mycotoxin level guidelines for the region.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2025-03-08en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationNjaramba, J.K., Muloi, D.M., Velde, M.V., Saeger, S.D., Ibayi, E.L., Moodley, A. and Antonissen, G. 2025. Multi-mycotoxin occurrence and their risk to poultry health in semi-intensive broiler farms in Kenya. Poultry Science 104(5): 105008.en
dcterms.extent105008en
dcterms.issued2025-05en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-NC-ND-4.0
dcterms.publisherElsevieren
dcterms.subjectaflatoxinsen
dcterms.subjectanimal healthen
dcterms.subjectpoultryen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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