Taxation policy and gender employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR single centreen
cg.coverage.countryAlgeria
cg.coverage.countryEgypt
cg.coverage.countryMorocco
cg.coverage.countryTunisia
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2DZ
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2EG
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2MA
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2TN
cg.coverage.regionMiddle East
cg.coverage.regionNorthern Africa
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.creator.identifierIsmael Fofana: 0000-0002-4657-5286
cg.identifier.projectIFPRI - West and Central Africa Office
cg.identifier.publicationRankNot ranked
cg.number1227en
cg.placeWashington, DCen
cg.reviewStatusInternal Reviewen
dc.contributor.authorFofana, Ismaëlen
dc.contributor.authorCorong, Erwinen
dc.contributor.authorChatti, Rimen
dc.contributor.authorBouazouni, Omaren
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-01T13:59:17Zen
dc.date.available2024-10-01T13:59:17Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/154068
dc.titleTaxation policy and gender employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisiaen
dcterms.abstractEmpirical evidence suggests that women are more vulnerable to chronic poverty and gender inequality is likely to condition the impacts of policies on the rest of the economy and consequently on poverty itself. While gender-responsive budgeting has made significant headway into economic policy, taxation has lagged behind. Because tax policy is the most economically direct way by which governments can influence individual behavior, requests have been made for gender-responsive tax policy that promote gender equality. This study applied to Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia aims to contribute to this debate by assessing the induced gender employment bias of current taxation policies in these countries. It explores the pattern of male and female employment and discusses the indirect tax distortions across sectors within each country and between countries. The possible impact of the indirect tax distortion on male and female employment is quantitatively assessed using a gender-focused computable general equilibrium model. The analysis reveals that indirect taxes, in particular import duties, are biased for female employment in Algeria and Egypt, but not in Morocco and Tunisia. Female labor–intensive industries in Algeria and Egypt are highly protected in the benchmark and are not competitive internationally so that removing protection would increase competition with cheaper import substitutes and cause the sector to contract and lay off workers. In contrast, the same female labor–intensive industries are less protected in Morocco and Tunisia. Hence, removal of indirect taxes in these countries would result in quasi-neutral effects between male and female salary and wage earnings. The taxation policies in the Middle East and North Africa region have changed over the last decade and may undergo significant changes in the coming years. In light of this unpredictability, an assessment of the tax-related relative price bias on men and women constitutes a crucial step toward providing adequate guidance to planners, policymakers, and other stakeholders.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.bibliographicCitationFofana, Ismaël; Corong, Erwin; Chatti, Rim; Bouazouni, Omar. 2012. Taxation policy and gender employment in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A comparative analysis of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. IFPRI Discussion Paper 1227. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://hdl.handle.net/10568/154068en
dcterms.extent36 p.en
dcterms.isPartOfIFPRI Discussion Paperen
dcterms.issued2012
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.publisherInternational Food Policy Research Instituteen
dcterms.replaceshttps://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/collection/p15738coll2/id/127270en
dcterms.subjecttaxesen
dcterms.subjectemploymenten
dcterms.subjectgenderen
dcterms.subjectcomputable general equilibrium modelsen
dcterms.subjectpovertyen
dcterms.subjectpoliciesen
dcterms.typeWorking Paper

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