Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversidad Austral de Chileen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsen
cg.contributor.affiliationGeneral Organization for Veterinary Services, Egypten
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.coverage.countryEgypt
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2EG
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionNorthern Africa
cg.creator.identifierCristobal Verdugo: 0000-0002-8418-4219en
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1637/11442-060316-regen
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn0005-2086en
cg.issue4en
cg.journalAvian Diseasesen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriBIRD FLUen
cg.subject.ilriDIAGNOSTICSen
cg.subject.ilriEPIDEMIOLOGYen
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen
cg.volume60en
dc.contributor.authorVerdugo, Cristobalen
dc.contributor.authorEl Masry, I.en
dc.contributor.authorMakonnen, Y.en
dc.contributor.authorHannah, H.en
dc.contributor.authorUnger, Freden
dc.contributor.authorSoliman, M.en
dc.contributor.authorGalal, S.en
dc.contributor.authorLubroth, J.en
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen
dc.date.accessioned2017-01-27T16:17:10Zen
dc.date.available2017-01-27T16:17:10Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/79420
dc.titleSensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance programen
dcterms.abstractMany developing countries lack sufficient resources to conduct animal disease surveillance. In recent years, participatory epidemiology has been used to increase the cover and decrease the costs of surveillance. However, few diagnostic performance assessments have been carried out on participatory methods. The objective of the present study was to estimate the diagnostic performance of practitioners working for the Community-Based Animal Health and Outreach (CAHO) program, which is a participatory disease surveillance system for the detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Egypt. CAHO practitioners' diagnostic assessment of inspected birds was compared with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) test results at the household level. Diagnostic performance was estimated directly from two-by-two tables using RRT-PCR as a reference test in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, only results from chickens were considered. In the second scenario, results for all poultry species were analyzed. Poultry flocks in 916 households located in 717 villages were inspected by CAHO practitioners, who collected 3458 bird samples. In the first scenario, CAHO practitioners presented sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) estimates of 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21%–59%) and 92% (95% CI: 91%–94%), respectively. In the second scenario, diagnostic performance estimates were Se = 47% (95% CI: 29%–65%) and Sp = 88% (95% CI: 86%–90%). A significant difference was observed only between Sp estimates (P < 0.01). Practitioners' diagnostics and RRT-PCR results were in very poor agreement with kappa values of 0.16 and 0.14 for scenarios 1 and 2, respectively. However, the use of a broad case definition, the possible presence of immunity against the virus in replacement birds, and the low prevalence observed during the survey would negatively affect the practitioners' performance.en
dcterms.accessRightsLimited Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.bibliographicCitationVerdugo, C, El Masry, I., Makonnen, Y., Hannah, H., Unger, F., Soliman, M., Galal, S., Lubroth, J. and Grace, D. 2016. Sensitivity and specificity estimation for the clinical diagnosis of highly pathogenic avian influenza in the Egyptian participatory disease surveillance program. Avian Diseases 60(4): 805–809.en
dcterms.extentp. 805-809en
dcterms.issued2016-09-19en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
dcterms.publisherAmerican Association of Avian Pathologistsen
dcterms.subjectepidemiologyen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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