Positive association between Brucella spp. seroprevalences in livestock and humans from a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenyatta National Hospitalen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Medical Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorEconomic and Social Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorNatural Environment Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorSwedish Research Councilen_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en_US
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en_US
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941en_US
cg.creator.identifierMartin Wainaina: 0000-0002-4938-2543en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007506en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn1935-2735en_US
cg.issue10en_US
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasesen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL HEALTHen_US
cg.subject.ilriBRUCELLOSISen_US
cg.subject.ilriCATTLEen_US
cg.subject.ilriGOATSen_US
cg.subject.ilriHEALTHen_US
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCKen_US
cg.subject.ilriSHEEPen_US
cg.subject.ilriSMALL RUMINANTSen_US
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen_US
cg.volume13en_US
dc.contributor.authorKairu-Wanyoike, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNyamwaya, D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWainaina, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOntiri, E.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBukachi, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNjeru, I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKaranja, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSang, R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-29T11:59:07Zen_US
dc.date.available2019-10-29T11:59:07Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/105549en_US
dc.titlePositive association between Brucella spp. seroprevalences in livestock and humans from a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenyaen_US
dcterms.abstractBackground Brucella spp. is a zoonotic bacterial agent of high public health and socio-economic importance. It infects many species of animals including wildlife, and people may get exposed through direct contact with an infected animal or consumption of raw or undercooked animal products. A linked livestock-human cross-sectional study to determine seroprevalences and risk factors of brucellosis in livestock and humans was designed. Estimates were made for intra-cluster correlation coefficients (ICCs) for these observations at the household and village levels. Methodology The study was implemented in Garissa (specifically Ijara and Sangailu areas) and Tana River (Bura and Hola) counties. A household was the unit of analysis and the sample size was derived using the standard procedures. Serum samples were obtained from selected livestock and people from randomly selected households. Humans were sampled in both counties, while livestock could be sampled only in Tana River County. Samples obtained were screened for anti-Brucella IgG antibodies using ELISA kits. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effects logistic regression models with the household (herd) and village being used as random effects. Results The overall Brucella spp. seroprevalences were 3.47% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.72–4.36%) and 35.81% (95% CI: 32.87–38.84) in livestock and humans, respectively. In livestock, older animals and those sampled in Hola had significantly higher seroprevalences than younger ones or those sampled in Bura. Herd and village random effects were significant and ICC estimates associated with these variables were 0.40 (95% CI: 0.22–0.60) and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.08–0.52), respectively. In humans, Brucella spp. seroprevalence was significantly higher in older people, males, and people who lived in pastoral areas than younger ones, females or those who lived in irrigated or riverine areas. People from households that had at least one seropositive animal were 3.35 (95% CI: 1.51–7.41) times more likely to be seropositive compared to those that did not. Human exposures significantly clustered at the household level; the ICC estimate obtained was 0.21 (95% CI: 0.06–0.52). Conclusion The presence of a Brucella spp.-seropositive animal in a household significantly increased the odds of Brucella spp. seropositivity in humans in that household. Exposure to Brucella spp. of both livestock and humans clustered significantly at the household level. This suggests that risk-based surveillance measures, guided by locations of primary cases reported, either in humans or livestock, can be used to detect Brucella spp. infections in livestock or humans, respectively.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2019-10-17en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationKairu-Wanyoike, S., Nyamwaya, D., Wainaina, M., Lindahl, J., Ontiri, E., Bukachi, S., Njeru, I., Karanja, J., Sang, R., Grace, D. and Bett, B. 2019. Positive association between Brucella spp. seroprevalences in livestock and humans from a cross-sectional study in Garissa and Tana River Counties, Kenya. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 13(10): e0007506.en_US
dcterms.issued2019-10-17en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen_US
dcterms.subjectlivestocken_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen_US
dcterms.subjectcattleen_US
dcterms.subjectsheepen_US
dcterms.subjectgoatsen_US
dcterms.subjectsmall ruminantsen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal healthen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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