Climate Policies, Finance and Processes (CPFP)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/140562

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Study highlights climate migration challenges in Pakistan
(News Item, 2024-12-02) Khalid, Sidra; Hafeez, Mohsin
Evaluating the Climate-Smart Governance Dashboard: the contribution of Monze District to Zambia's National Adaptation Plan
(Brief, 2024-12-30) Mweemba, Carol Emma; Amarnath, Giriraj; Alahacoon, Niranga; van Koppen, Barbara
Host community vulnerability analysis to strengthen anticipatory action in fragile settings: a case study of Mekelle, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
(Report, 2024-12-30) McTough, Mitchell; Zerihun, Z.; Tsfamariam, Z.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
Navigating climate resilience in fragile settings: a retrospective analysis of the 2023 flood impacts, early warning, and response in Ethiopia’s Somali Region
(Report, 2024-12-30) Mabumbo, Decide; Nohayi, Ngowenani; Sanchez Ramirez, Juan Carlos; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
The Fall 2023 floods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia caused widespread devastation, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and host communities. This case study, conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) as part of the CGIAR Fragility, Conflict, and Migration (FCM) initiative, provides a detailed examination of the systemic factors that exacerbated the disaster's impacts. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of early warning systems and offers actionable recommendations to enhance disaster risk management (DRM) in the region. The analysis is based on rigorous desk research and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, humanitarian organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and development actors, both at the national and subnational levels.
Anticipatory action in communities hosting refugees and internally displaced persons: a synthesis report with case studies from Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan
(Report, 2024-12-30) Adam-Bradford, A.; Anagreh, A.; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Hafeez, Mohsin; Khalid, Sidra; Mekuria, Wolde; Melaku, Dagmawi; Schindler, A.; Singh, R.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
UNHCR (2024a) reports that by June 2024 there were an estimated 122.6 million people around the world who have been forced to flee their homes. Among them were nearly 43.7 million refugees. This poses immense challenges for the humanitarian sector. These challenges are particularly acute in fragile states, such as Libya, Somalia, South Sudan and Syria, where civil war has pushed respective populations into extreme levels of vulnerability. Likewise, in the Occupied Palestinian Territories and Ukraine, ongoing wars have created impossible conditions for the humanitarian sector. Forced displacement from war, conflict and disasters is putting additional pressure on natural resources, such as food, land, and water systems (FLWSs) in host communities, in some cases leading to tensions between internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees, and their hosts. In all these cases of forced displacement, the compounding effects of climate change are being felt, in some cases contributing as a dynamic pressure to ongoing conflicts, such as Somalia and Syria, or as in the case of Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan, leading to extreme weather events including flash flooding, droughts and heatwaves. Climate impacts are exacerbated by human processes such as deforestation, loss of wetlands and urbanization, which have reduced the buffer capacity of landscapes to absorb climate-related impacts such as the slightest variations in rainfall patterns and even relatively low increases in temperatures. In response to these challenges, the CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration (FCM) was launched. The initiative aimed to address challenges to livelihood, food, and climate security faced by some of the most vulnerable populations worldwide. The Initiative focuses on building climate resilience, promoting gender equity, and fostering social inclusion. The FCM Initiative has a four‐pronged approach: (1) strengthen anticipatory action and governance to mitigate the impact of compound crises (WP1– ANTICIPATE); (2) bridge emergency operations with long‐ term sustainability principles (WP2–BRIDGE); (3) generate evidence to guide effective policies and programming to promote stability and women’s empowerment (WP3–STABILIZE); and (4) accelerate innovations that address humanitarian‐peace‐ development (HDP) priorities alongside local innovators, including women (WP4–ACCELERATE) As part of the CGIAR’s FCM initiative, the ANTICIPATE work package has carried out research In Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan, with a focus on the respective host communities to identify common risks to FLWSs, ascertain prevailing responses to increased stress on FLWSs, and to produce policy recommendations to support the development of anticipatory action strategies. This also includes the development of an integrated host community vulnerability framework (IHCVF) that supports the planning and design of anticipatory action approaches, disaster risk reduction (DRR) and longer-term resilience-building initiatives, such as adaptation strategies and nature-based solutions. This research report provides a synthesis of the work that was conducted under the ANTICIPATE work package, drawing from the three case studies in Ethiopia, Jordan and Pakistan.
A review of vulnerabilities of water systems-related risks in internally displaced persons (IDPs) host communities in Adamawa State, Nigeria
(Report, 2024-12-30) Okem, Andrew; Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Onyeneke, R.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
This report offers an analysis of the challenges faced by Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Adamawa State, Nigeria, set against the global context of internal displacement. It explores the primary drivers of displacement in the region, including conflict, particularly insurgency activities, and natural disasters like flooding. These factors have led to significant challenges for IDPs, such as safety, shelter, loss of livelihoods, and social disintegration. The report highlights the prevalence of insurgency-related displacement, primarily due to Boko Haram, and the significant impact of natural disasters such as flooding. There were IDPs in Adamawa State in 2022 with 70% of them originating from within the State. About 53.8% of IDPs in the State are women, indicating that displacement in Adamawa State is gendered. This calls for gender-specific humanitarian interventions. A significant portion of IDPs reside within existing “host” communities, placing a substantial burden on these communities. The primary livelihoods of these displaced populations hinge on farming and traditional activities, making them vulnerable to environmental and economic disruptions. Access to essential services like nutrition and education varies among IDPs, with notable gaps in nutrition services. In response to these challenges, the report emphasizes the importance of Anticipatory Action (AA) as a proactive measure in disaster response and a way to address the vulnerabilities of communities hosting IDPs. These strategies are crucial for mitigating the impacts of displacement and supporting the resilience of both displaced persons and host communities that are experiencing compound stress of climate change. The report also highlights the need for robust and targeted interventions to address the immediate and long-term needs of IDPs and host communities in Adamawa State. This includes enhanced disaster management, long-term support for education, livelihood development, gender-specific programs, and proactive AA to anticipate and mitigate future displacement.
Resilience and peace-building for water-related vulnerabilities in fragile and conflict-affected communities: a technical guide
(Report, 2024-12-30) Osei-Amponsah, Charity; Okem, Andrew; Onyeneke, R.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
Water-related vulnerabilities are increasingly contributing to tensions in fragile and conflict-affected communities (FCACs). Therefore, water development practitioners should be well-equipped to assess how their interventions can potentially reinforce vulnerabilities or support resilience and peacebuilding. The resilience-peacebuilding nexus is one of the critical entry points to addressing the complex and interconnected water-related challenges. This technical guideline aids the formulation and implementation of conflict-sensitive water-related development projects. It outlines three main steps to understanding the realities of water-related vulnerabilities and provides pathways for resolving them towards building resilience and peace. The first step focuses on the contextual analysis of the water system, including institutions, stakeholders and socio-demographic intersections. Step two is geared towards understanding the links of vulnerabilities and risks in the water system, to designing development projects in a fragile and conflict context. The third step provides a guide to mediating conflicts and building peace in the water system. The steps are important for ensuring that practitioners effectively manage challenges, generating additional risks and reinforcing water vulnerabilities to exacerbate conflicts in fragile contexts.
Addressing overlaps and enhancing synergies in irrigation subsidies in Nepal
(Brief, 2024-10-30) Shrestha, Shisher; Karki, Menuka; Buchy, Marlene
Navigating climate change, disasters and displacement in Pakistan: a case study of Rahim Yar Khan
(Report, 2024-12-30) Khalid, Sidra; Hafeez, Mohsin; Junaid, Novaira; Aeman, Hafsa
Pakistan faces a multitude of environmental, social, and economic challenges that threaten its stability and development. Climate change has intensified natural hazards, such as floods, droughts, and heatwaves, which strain limited resources, disrupt livelihoods, and displace millions—compounded further by rapid population growth, urbanization, and pressure on food, land, and water systems (FLWS). Marginalized groups, including women, children, the elderly, and people with disabilities, are especially vulnerable amidst weak disaster management, inefficient governance, and inadequate infrastructure. In light of these challenges, adopting anticipatory action (AA) measures that proactively address climate-related risks is critical. Under the CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict and Migration (FCM), the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) in Pakistan conducted a comprehensive research case study in Rahim Yar Khan (RYK), a disaster-prone district (and host community to internally displaced persons (IDPs) and migrants from neighboring areas) in the Punjab province of Pakistan, focusing on the 2022 floods to evaluate the vulnerabilities of climate-displaced households, assess the impacts on FLWS, and propose strategies to improve disaster resilience. The study included a detailed survey covering the themes of livelihoods, water and food insecurity, migration challenges, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), menstrual hygiene management (MHM), and pre- and post- migration changes in wealth. The survey was supplemented with focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant Interviews (KIIs) with relevant disaster management government, academia and humanitarian actors working on the ground.
Digital ecosystems and migration responses to climate extremes: case study from Rahim Yar Khan District, Punjab in Pakistan
(Brief, 2024-12-30) Waqar, Kanwal; Hafeez, Mohsin; Rehman, Maryam
Investment climate for circular economy enterprises in Nigeria: firm-level insights
(Brief, 2024-12-30) Gebrezgabher, Solomie A.; Onabolu, B.; Taron, Avinandan; Cofie, Olufunke O.
Vulnerability and risk mapping at the municipality level in Dailekh and Sarlahi Districts of Nepal: visualization through an online dashboard
(Brief, 2024-12-30) Nepal, Santosh; Aryal, Anil; Shrestha, U. B.
Challenges and opportunities for mainstreaming gender in anticipatory action approaches within refugee and internally displaced people hosting communities
(Brief, 2024-11-30) Schindler, Alexandra; Mapedza, Everisto; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
Solar-powered irrigation: empowering Bangladesh’s women farmers
(News Item, 2024-12-17) Bhaduri, Tanmoy
Business and finance models for increased sustainability and equity of solar-powered irrigation in Pakistan: insights from the private sector
(News Item, 2024-12-06) Akbar, Zain M.; Ringler, Claudia; Hafeez, Mohsin
During fieldwork in Rahim Yar Khan and Okara districts, Punjab, and on the sidelines of Pakistan Water Week 2024, NEXUS Gains had the opportunity to speak with three solar-powered irrigation system providers to see how the Initiative’s research can support private sector actors and their clientele.
From livestock herding to cooperative farming in the Somali communities of Dolo Ado and Bokolmayo districts of Ethiopia
(Report, 2024-12-04) Dessalegn, Mengistu; Mekuria, Wolde; Singh, Radhika; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
This study was conducted in the traditional pastoralist communities of Dolo Ado and Bokolmayo districts in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. These are refugee-hosting communities where the World Food Programme (WFP) is providing humanitarian and livelihood support. This research was designed in partnership with WFP with the expectation that its findings may provide lessons that can inform the organization’s program activities benefiting refugee-hosting communities and integrated refugees. Our study examines livelihood and collective action practices in these communities in the context of climate and waterrelated stresses. It seeks to highlight factors and practices that can enhance drought-resilient livelihoods. This aspect of the study required an understanding of traditional, but changing, livelihood strategies and related institutional and sociocultural practices. In this report, we discuss a range of interrelated topics and their implications for livelihood sustainability and linked interventions—which we highlight in the section Conclusions and Suggestions. We envisage that these findings will be useful for WFP’s program agenda of integrating its emergency-humanitarian response with livelihood resilience building through long-term structural and multidimensional food security approaches. Analysis of the historical and social context of farming and collective practices in these communities revealed that crop production and pastoralism have long co-existed as means of livelihood. While cooperative farming has recently expanded in the two study areas, their past experience of collective labor practices did provide the social and cultural foundation for current cooperative action. Local users appreciate irrigation farming conducted through cooperatives for its valuable contribution to food and income security. However, irrigation farming in the study areas operates in terms of cooperatives rather than on the basis of irrigation water users’ associations (IWUAs), which possibly affects the prospect of legal recognition and sustained practice. Understanding such issues is important for improving the practices of current WFP-supported irrigation cooperatives for the benefit of both refugee-hosting communities and hosted refugees. The livelihoods of people in the study areas have historically and traditionally been associated with pastoralism, characterized by livestock herding and mobility. However, there has been a shift from pastoralism toward sedentary farming. This change is being shaped by climatic and political economy factors and processes, thereby giving it the character of an adaptive livelihood strategy. The shift of livelihoods toward farming and crop production involves gender dynamics. It opens new areas of responsibility for women and increases their workload while having implications for gender disparities in economic gain and financial decision-making power. Therefore, it is imperative that cooperative farming and other intervention programs being implemented in refugee-hosting communities ensure gender-inclusive financial gains. Recurrent and successive droughts in the study areas have made rangelands unsuitable for livestock grazing, thereby discouraging the pastoral production system. As a result, the social organization and traditional resource management practices associated with herd mobility and grazing land- and water-use patterns have decreased in importance. However, the clan-based kinship system that traditionally guided social organization still governs societal relations and plays a role in solving challenges relating to access to land, conflict resolution, and principles of social support. In particular, the importance of local customary conflict resolution mechanisms continues despite the erosion of rangeland management practices. This suggests that humanitarian and development interventions taking place in refugee-hosting communities should make use of local practices and systems of dispute settlement because they facilitate inter- and intracommunity relations.
Climate and water-related vulnerabilities in refugee hosting communities in northern Jordan: Irbid and Ramtha municipalities
(Report, 2024-11-12) Adam-Bradford, Andrew; Schindler, Alexandra; Anagreh, Abdullah; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
Jordan is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world and hosts the second-highest share of refugees per capita in the world. A fast-increasing population, rapid urbanization, and extreme weather-related hazards, such as drought and flash floods, compound the risks to already vulnerable refugee-hosting communities in Jordan. The Jordanian government as well as humanitarian and development organizations have committed to addressing these challenges by prioritizing the design and implementation of disaster risk management models which include early warning/early action and anticipatory action strategies for climate response and resilience. To design and implement disaster preparedness strategies that are sustainable and inclusive, research on the specific vulnerabilities of communities is needed. This research report provides data on climate- and water-related vulnerabilities in refugee-hosting communities in Northern Jordan to inform disaster risk management, anticipatory action, and emergency preparedness strategies that improve long-term adaptation and climate resilience. The project is titled Anticipatory Approaches in Host Communities for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Mitigation (AHEAD), and is part of the CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration, which aims to address challenges in livelihood, food and climate security for vulnerable populations in fragile and conflict-affected areas. Research for this report was conducted in Irbid and Ramtha municipalities in Irbid Governorate in Northern Jordan over the course of four months. The research included a desk review of relevant literature and national policies, as well as interviews with key informants and stakeholders. This study presents a qualitative analysis of how the specific vulnerabilities of refugee-hosting communities can impact the refugee-hosting community needs during an extreme weather-related disaster, such as flash flooding in this case. Specifically, the study analyzed how climate change and water scarcity, urbanization, and socio-economic risks compound vulnerabilities in refugee-hosting communities. Mapping out these risks is the starting point for designing more inclusive and sustainable disaster risk management models and anticipatory action approaches. Given the fact that only 18% of refugees in Jordan live in refugee camps (UNHCR 2024), and the rest live in urban areas, there is an urgent need to understand the differing needs and vulnerabilities of refugees and hosting communities living in cities. This study highlights two locations, Irbid Municipality and Ramtha Municipality and 1) the water and climate risks they face, 2) the effects of climate change on the city, 3) the existing refugee and hosting populations, 4) the available infrastructure and services, and 5) the humanitarian context. The two case studies demonstrate the challenges that these municipalities face in designing and implementing disaster risk management and anticipatory action strategies that consider these complex factors. This is followed by a section that highlights the key findings from the case studies. Finally, this study recommends anticipatory action strategies in the short term and disaster risk reduction and nature-based solutions for long-term climate adaptation and resilience. These recommendations support cross-sectoral government policy implementation and humanitarian and development organization strategies for potential pathways to disaster risk reduction through sustainable and resilience-focused activities.
WFP Innovation Accelerator: mid-term report on progress of the sprint program
(Report, 2024-11-06) Karunakaran, K.; Al-Zu’bi, Maha; Qui, Z.; Michalscheck, Mirja; Hulbert, S.; Kamanda, Josey; Quadri, S.; Nkosi, Mahlatse; Kangethe, E.; Craparo, A.
The Midterm Report evaluates the progress of four innovators—Aquaporo, iPlant, Koolboks, and Conflict Forecast participating in the Stability-and-Peace Accelerator Sprint Program. Through WFP-led bootcamps, IWMI-led Innovation Packing and Scaling Readiness (IPSR) workshops, and venture coaching, these innovators are working to scale solutions for fragile, conflict-affected settings (FCAs). Aquaporo is advancing the Mega-WaHa water harvesting device in Jordan, with field tests planned and partnerships in development. iPlant is piloting the Green Spin hydroponic unit for small-scale farmers, addressing challenges in affordability and scalability. Koolboks is expanding solar-powered cold storage solutions in Nigeria, targeting women-led small businesses and improving distribution with local partnerships. Conflict Forecast is refining its digital tool for predicting conflict impacts on service delivery, focusing on INGO stakeholders and improving data integration. All innovators have received an equity-free grant and are on track with their scaling plans. An Innovation Showcase in December 2024 will present their progress and sustainability strategies. The Stability-and-Peace Accelerator in collaboration with the WFP Innovation Accelerator is successfully guiding these innovations toward addressing challenges in water security, food storage, and conflict prediction in fragile regions.
WFP Innovation Accelerator: contracting report and country action plans
(Report, 2024-11-06) Karunakaran, K.; Al-Zu’bi, Maha; Qui, Z.; Michalscheck, Mirja; Hulbert, S.; Kamanda, Josey; Quadri, S.; Nkosi, Mahlatse; Craparo, A.
This report outlines the due diligence process, grant formalization, Innovation Packing and Scaling Readiness (IPSR) workshops, and action plans for the innovations selected in the Stability-and-Peace Accelerator cohort. The due diligence process assessed both the operational and financial soundness of the innovators, screening for legal and reputational risks via international databases, and evaluating financial stability through key indicators like liquidity and debt-to-equity ratios. After formalizing grant agreements, IPSR workshops were held in Jordan, Nigeria, and Kenya, in collaboration with IWMI, ABC and IITA, to gather feedback and enhance the scalability of the innovations. These workshops facilitated discussions on improving water security, refining product designs, and enhancing conflict prediction tools. Innovators like AquaPoro, iPlant, Koolboks, and Conflict Forecast received specific guidance on cost efficiency, market entry strategies, and user-centered design improvements. Action plans, developed with input from country focal points, outlined milestones and KPIs to validate scalability and feasibility, ensuring progress is tracked. Overall, these steps have laid a foundation for scaling impactful solutions in fragile settings, fostering resilient food and water systems while promoting sustainable business models in refugee host communities.
Stability-and-Peace Accelerator: call for applications report
(Report, 2024-11-06) Hulbert, S.; Dahl, Hauke; Shehata, J.; Nkosi, Mahlatse
The Stability-and-Peace Accelerator is a collaborative initiative between the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and the World Food Programme (WFP) Innovation Accelerator, aiming to leverage the expertise of CGIAR researchers and the WFP Innovation Accelerator to drive innovations aligned with Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger by 2030, while addressing interconnected goals like Gender Equality, Climate Action, and Poverty Eradication. Focused on enhancing the resilience of Food, Land, and Water Systems (FLWS) in fragile and conflict-affected settings (FCAs), especially among migrant and host communities, the program seeks to scale solutions that improve food security, nutrition, climate resilience, and social cohesion. After receiving 214 applications, four high-impact innovations were selected based on key themes identified through a strategic ecosystem analysis in Jordan, Kenya and Nigeria, including water resilience, digital climate solutions, resilient food systems, and affordable water solutions. An extensive outreach campaign generated significant engagement, and the selection process, involving collaboration with stakeholders from IWMI and CGIAR, emphasized innovation, local relevance, and sustainability. The Stability-and-Peace Accelerator is poised to significantly contribute to sustainable development and humanitarian efforts by scaling impactful solutions in vulnerable regions.

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