Climate Policies, Finance and Processes (CPFP)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/140562

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Disentangling community-based resource governance through knowledge systems mapping: insights from Community Fish Refuges in rural Cambodia
(Journal Article, 2025-06) Baldivieso Soruco, C. R.; Bonatti, M.; De Silva, Sanjiv; Ou, P.; Soeun, K. O.; Neth, S.; Sun, V.; Rodríguez, T.; Sean, V.; Sithirith, M.; Dubois, Mark; Sieber, S.
Inland fisheries in Cambodia are of great importance to the livelihoods of rural communities, as they provide sustenance and seasonal income for the local population. Community fish refuges (CFRs) are natural or human-made water bodies that hold water throughout the year, providing a dry-season sanctuary for aquatic life. Managed mainly by the local community, CFRs support diverse ecological and human functions, such as biodiversity repositories, including fish stocks, and provide water for irrigation, livestock, and domestic needs. These initiatives have been promoted by several organizations in Cambodia since the 1990s, showing positive ecological impacts and improving food security, especially for marginalized populations. However, the social dimensions of management, the role of local knowledge, and the underlying knowledge systems remain understudied. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the governance mechanisms of CFRs in relation to the local knowledge of management. Four CFR projects conducted by WorldFish and NGO partners between 2016 and 2021 in Central Cambodia were selected for the analysis. A participatory approach was employed using causal loop diagrams (CLDs) through focus group discussions (FGDs) with local stakeholders (n = 38). The methodological approach was based on three phases: exploratory interviews (n=23), causal-loop FGDs (n=4), and FGDs for data validation (n=4). Our study highlights the importance of context-specific and relational knowledge in CFR management, as well as the importance of institutional structures, power dynamics, and social differentiation in shaping knowledge access, distribution, and management. Social mobilization mainly involves village representatives mediating between villagers and external entities, with a certain degree of concentration of power within groups of stakeholders. Enhancing community governance through more inclusive, dialogue-based communication and potentially leveraging informal networks is recommended to channel social learning, considering the sociocultural context and challenges of decentralization in Cambodia.
Al Murunah Webinar on High-Resolution Climate Change Downscaling for Resilient Nature-Based Water Solutions in the MENA Region
(Report, 2025-04-10) Abeyrathna, Wasudha Prabodhani; Fragaszy, Stephen Russell; Samarasekara, Vidhisha
The Al Murunah project seeks to improve water security in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) by integrating nature-based solutions for water and agricultural water management strategies (Resilient Nature-Based Water Solutions, RNBWS). The “High-Resolution Climate Change Downscaling for Resilient Nature-Based Water Solutions in the MENA Region” webinar showcased the Al Murunah Project’s groundbreaking findings and insights that can shape the future of sustainable water management in the region. The webinar’s aims were to: 1) disseminate technical findings from high-resolution, bias-corrected climate change downscaling activities (full report and data available here) and 2) describe how they are being used in the Al Murunah pilot projects and can be used more widely. It focused on how data-driven insights are informing the planning and implementation of resilient nature-based water solutions (RNBWS) demonstration projects in the four pilot basins of Abu Al-Matamir (Egypt), Wadi Seer (Jordan), Ras Baalbeck Basin (Lebanon) and Wadi Al-Faria’a (OPT). The webinar highlighted the need for localized, high-resolution (temporal and spatial) climate data to address the MENA region’s unique challenges. The study data is instrumental not only for sustainable water management but also for driving broader climate resilience initiatives rooted in community engagement. A key highlight of the webinar was the presentation of the Bias-Corrected Statistical Disaggregation (BCSD) method, a cutting-edge approach for generating precise and more accurate climate projections. The model outputs explain the rising intensity of extreme weather events such as heatwaves and droughts, underscore the need for proactive planning and interventions. The importance of partnerships in turning these findings into actionable solutions was also underscored. Local communities play a central role in the project, with their insights ensuring that interventions are context-specific and sustainable, while gender inclusion and diverse stakeholder consultations are critical for equitable outcomes, particularly in addressing the needs of vulnerable populations.
Al Murunah Regional Workshop Proceedings
(Conference Proceedings, 2024-12-30) Abeyrathna, Wasudha Prabodhani; Fragaszy, Stephen Russell; Samarasekara, Vidhisha
The Al Murunah Regional Workshop, held from March 4–6, 2024, at the Geneva Hotel in Amman, Jordan, convened stakeholders and partners involved in advancing resilient nature-based water solutions (RNBWS). Organized by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), in collaboration with the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and country implementation partners (CIP) including the Society for the Protection of Nature in Lebanon (SPNL), Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe (CEDARE) in Egypt, and the Palestinian Hydrology Group (PHG) in the occupied Palestine territories , the workshop served as a pivotal moment in advancing collaborative efforts toward sustainable water management practices in the region. The objectives of the workshop were multifaceted. They aimed to update partners and stakeholders on project progress, foster a common understanding of RNBWS characteristics, solicit key themes for knowledge exchange, plan for the upcoming Fiscal Year 3 (FY3) activities, and articulate objectives for longer-term peer learning and project outputs from the pilots. Participants included representatives from governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, private sector entities, international agencies, and project teams from the involved countries. Throughout the three-day event, engaging sessions and interactive discussions were conducted, covering topics such as national progress updates, pilot programs, FY3 activities, and thematic areas related to RNBWS implementation. Notably, participants emphasized the importance of hybrid nature-based solutions (NBS) tailored to community needs, documented processes to facilitate replication, institutionalization for systemic change, proactive upscaling strategies, and holistic approaches to address labor intensity and ecosystem dynamics. A key highlight of the workshop was the convergence of project teams and national stakeholders, fostering a collaborative environment rooted in inclusivity and equity. The shared enthusiasm for pilot implementation, peer learning, and gender transformation components underscored a collective vision for sustainable water management practices. Importantly, the workshop facilitated the development of a shared understanding of RNBWS among participants, providing a solid foundation for future endeavors.
High-resolution climate change projections and their adaptation planning implications for small basins in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and the Occupied Palestinian Territories
(Report, 2024-12-30) Bergaoui, Karim; Belhaj Fraj, Makram; Abeyrathna, Wasudha Prabhodani; Fragaszy, Stephen Russell; Samarasekara, Vidhisha
This report collates and synthesizes the findings from comprehensive climate baseline assessments and bias-corrected and statistically downscaled climate projections for four distinct areas: Ras Baalbeck in Lebanon, Abu Al-Matamir in Egypt, Wadi Al-Seer in Jordan, and Wadi Al-Faria’a in the West Bank of the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT). This study developed models to assess future projected climatological patterns, extreme events, and climate scenarios for these locations. Model outputs have a daily timestep and high spatial resolution (10x10 km). We developed the models using data from the Global Climate Monitoring Products and employing advanced techniques such as Bias Correction and Statistical Disaggregation (BCSD) of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) General Circulation Models (GCMs). Model outputs are available here: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/SCNQWS The study focused on principal temperature and precipitation indicators of most immediate relevance for water and food security. The Al Murunah project is using the study’s outputs to inform implementation planning of resilient nature-based water solutions (RNBWS) in each area, as well as considerations for their application more widely.
Retrospective analysis of the 2018-2020 humanitarian food and water crisis in Western Province, Zambia
(Photo Report, 2024-12-30) Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre; International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Koolboks off-grid refrigeration solution in Nigeria: Innovation Package and Scaling Readiness (IPSR) Report
(Report, 2024-12-30) Quadri, S.; Luwa, S.; Michalscheck, Mirja; Kamanda, Josey
Barriers to an enabling environment in start-up acceleration in fragile and conflict-affected settings in Jordan and Nigeria
(Report, 2024-12-30) Ires, Idil
The enabling environment is a critical driver of business acceleration, particularly in sectors essential for sustainable development, such as agriculture, food, and water security. In Africa and the Middle East, these sectors underpin economic stability and livelihoods, yet businesses face numerous challenges that impede their ability to scale and innovate. A supportive enabling environment—comprising policy frameworks, institutional structures, access to finance, infrastructure, and market systems—plays a decisive role in overcoming systemic barriers such as food insecurity, climate change, and resource scarcity. However, structural weaknesses, fragmented markets, limited access to capital, and governance challenges continue to hinder the scaling of sustainable enterprises in these regions. This paper examines the enabling environment for business growth in fragile and conflict-affected contexts through the lens of three enterprises: AquaPoro (Jordan), iPlant (Jordan), and Koolboks (Nigeria). These SMEs, selected under the Stability-and-Peace Accelerator Program run by the World Food Programme in partnership with CGIAR’s Fragility, Conflict, Migration Initiative, are pioneering innovative solutions in water harvesting, vertical farming, and solar-powered refrigeration, respectively. Despite their potential to drive transformative change, they face significant regulatory, financial, and operational barriers that limit their ability to expand. Key findings reveal that AquaPoro encounters bureaucratic inefficiencies, regulatory opacity, and reliance on informal networks (wasta) in Jordan’s water sector. Policy reforms promoting transparency, financial incentives for water technology, and improved regulatory clarity could facilitate its growth. iPlant highlights the need for updated agricultural policies that recognize agritech innovations. High import tariffs and energy costs challenge its expansion, necessitating tax benefits, streamlined customs procedures, and enhanced financing mechanisms. Meanwhile, Koolboks in Nigeria struggles with various challenges, including customs delays, limited financing options, and security concerns in fragile regions. Addressing these issues through regulatory simplifications, targeted financial incentives, and strategic partnerships could enhance its market penetration and impact. To create a more conducive business environment, policymakers must prioritize regulatory transparency and reform, financial incentives and access to capital, market and infrastructure development, and public-private partnerships (PPPs). Reducing bureaucratic barriers, expanding funding opportunities for SMEs, strengthening distribution networks, and fostering collaboration between governments, international organizations, and the private sector are essential strategies for enabling sustainable enterprises to scale. By addressing these systemic challenges, African and Middle Eastern economies can unlock the full potential of sustainable enterprises, fostering economic inclusion, climate resilience, and long-term food and water security. This paper underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions that bridge policy-practice gaps and catalyze innovation in fragile and conflict-affected settings.
Innovation Showcase Meeting Report of the Stability-and-Peace Accelerator Program in Nigeria, Kenya and Jordan
(Report, 2024-12-30) Ahmed, D.; Kamanda, Josey; Nkosi, Mahlatse
Summary report of the Stability-and-Peace Accelerator Program in Nigeria, Kenya and Jordan
(Report, 2024-12-30) Ahmed, D.; Karunakaran, K.; Qiu, Z.; Al-Zu'bi, Maha; Michalscheck, Mirja; Kamanda, Josey; Quadri, S.; Nkosi, Mahlatse; Craparo, A.
Stability-and-Peace Accelerator: country cases for Nigeria, Kenya and Jordan
(Report, 2024-12-30) Ahmed, D.; Karunakaran, K.; Qiu, Z.; Al-Zu'bi, Maha; Michalscheck, Mirja; Kamanda, Josey; Quadri, S.; Nkosi, Mahlatse; Craparo, A.
The Stability and Peace Accelerator (SAPA) Program was implemented by the World Food Programme’s Innovation Accelerator and in collaboration with International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the Alliance of Biodiversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), and the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA), with support from the CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration1 . The SAPA program focused on identifying and supporting the scaling of potentially high-impact innovations that bolster resilience of food, land, and water systems (FLWS) in Fragile and Conflict Affects (FCA) settings. The WFP Innovation Accelerator and CGIAR selected enterprises through a comprehensive multi-step sourcing and evaluation process. The program sought both low and high-tech solutions tailored to meet the distinct challenges present in FCAs, specifically in Jordan, Kenya, and Nigeria. The sourcing strategy was informed by an Ecosystem Assessment of Food, Land, Water Actors in the Humanitarian, Development, and Peace Nexus2 , which helped identify the following innovation priorities per country: • Jordan: Water and resilience in refugee and host communities • Kenya: Digital solutions for climate security and migration • Nigeria: Resilient food systems and nutrition The program provided financial, technical and venture coaching support to the four innovations over the course of 6 months, beginning in June 2024, and lasting until early December 2024, comprising a scoping, acceleration and closure phase. The country cases presented in this report provide a detailed examination of the project's context, innovation overview, and the specific challenges addressed. The cases also highlight the implementation process, the next steps and potential for scalability of the innovations in their respective settings.
Food and water security, early warning, early action and response in Western Province, Zambia: retrospective analysis of the 2018-2020 humanitarian food and water crisis in Western Province, Zambia
(Report, 2024-12-30) de Boer, T.; Mutenje, Munyaradzi; Nohayi, Ngowenani; Kasoma-Pele, Winnie; Arretche, C.; Jaime, C.
The food and water crisis that affected Zambia due to prolonged dry spells between 2018 and 2020 is an example of how natural, socioeconomic, and political drivers can produce compounding impacts with long-lasting implications for development. This retrospective disaster analysis explores the risk interactions and early warning early action functioning before and during the event, to draw lessons for anticipation and response to future crises of a similar nature. Combined, the findings feed into the understanding of risk and impacts, which is crucial for improving impact-focused early warning and implementation of early actions. The Government of Zambia’s Disaster Management and Mitigation Unity (DMMU) and Zambia Red Cross Society (ZRCS), key stakeholders in the research, indicated a gap in knowledge of the drivers and impacts of the food and water crisis in Western Province and EWEA functioning at the time, especially the more remote border areas located near the border with Angola and Namibia. No retrospective analysis of the 2018-2020 crisis event has so far included a review of the functioning of the EWEA components at the time at the national and local levels. Therefore, this analysis focuses on Western Province of Zambia, specifically the Sioma, Sesheke and Shang’ombo border districts. The research provides an in-depth perspective on one of the most recent food security crises in Zambia to inform localization and strengthen early warning and early action efforts at the national and community levels. The 2023 drought event in Zambia underscores the critical need for enhanced preparedness for similar crises. This research complements ongoing initiatives for early warning for drought (e.g. through the AWARE project) and efforts within the National Technical Working Group for Forecast-Based Financing, chaired by DMMU, on drought trigger and early action protocol development. This research's focus on hazard and vulnerability interactions aligns with the move to multi-hazard contingency planning in Zambia, led by DMMU. The mixed-methods forensic analysis builds on key informant interviews, focus group discussions, peer-reviewed literature, publicly accessible data and geospatial analysis to consider compounding and cascading risk interactions in 2018–2020 in Zambia, their attendant impacts and risk drivers, and available warnings as well as the communication and early actions associated with them. Complementing ongoing initiatives to strengthen EWEA activities in Zambia for food- and water-related impacts, this study provides contextual information that can support improved targeting, early action selection, warning system design and coordination.
Conflict forecast for digital solutions for climate security & migration in Kenya: Innovation Package and Scaling Readiness (IPSR) Report
(Report, 2024-12-30) Nkosi, Mahlatse; Michalscheck, Mirja; Kangethe, E.; Jacobs-Mata, Inga; Lepariyo, W.
Implementing anticipatory actions in fragile, conflict, and migration contexts: a review of global lessons
(Brief, 2024-12-30) Nohayi, Ngowenani; Ruckstuhl, Sandra; Hanke-Louw, Nora
Toolkit for anticipatory action in fragile, conflict- and violence-affected settings
(Training Material, 2024-12-30) Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre; Anticipation Hub; International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
Atmospheric water harvesting for refugee host communities in Jordan: Innovation Package and Scaling Readiness (IPSR) Report
(Report, 2024-12-31) Al-Zu’bi, Maha; Michalscheck, Mirja; Hulbert, S.; Kamanda, Josey
Vertical farming for host communities in Jordan: Innovation Package and Scaling Readiness (IPSR) Report
(Report, 2024-12-31) Al-Zu’bi, Maha; Michalscheck, Mirja; Hulbert, S.
Study highlights climate migration challenges in Pakistan
(News Item, 2024-12-02) Khalid, Sidra; Hafeez, Mohsin
Evaluating the Climate-Smart Governance Dashboard: the contribution of Monze District to Zambia's National Adaptation Plan
(Brief, 2024-12-30) Mweemba, Carol Emma; Amarnath, Giriraj; Alahacoon, Niranga; van Koppen, Barbara
Host community vulnerability analysis to strengthen anticipatory action in fragile settings: a case study of Mekelle, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
(Report, 2024-12-30) McTough, Mitchell; Zerihun, Z.; Tsfamariam, Z.; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
Navigating climate resilience in fragile settings: a retrospective analysis of the 2023 flood impacts, early warning, and response in Ethiopia’s Somali Region
(Report, 2024-12-30) Mabumbo, Decide; Nohayi, Ngowenani; Sanchez Ramirez, Juan Carlos; Dessalegn, Mengistu; Ruckstuhl, Sandra
The Fall 2023 floods in the Somali Region of Ethiopia caused widespread devastation, disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations, including refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and host communities. This case study, conducted by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) as part of the CGIAR Fragility, Conflict, and Migration (FCM) initiative, provides a detailed examination of the systemic factors that exacerbated the disaster's impacts. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of early warning systems and offers actionable recommendations to enhance disaster risk management (DRM) in the region. The analysis is based on rigorous desk research and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, humanitarian organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and development actors, both at the national and subnational levels.

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