CIAT Climate Smart Agriculture Country Profiles
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Item Climate-smart agriculture for disaster risk reduction in Sindh, Pakistan(Other, 2019-05) Wilderspin, Ian; Giles, James; Hildebrand, Jack; Khan, Muhammad; Lizarazo, Miguel; Grosjean, GodefroyItem Achieving Climate-smart Coffee in Bushenyi, Uganda(Brief, 2019) Liebig, Theresa Ines; Bunn, Christian; Eitzinger, AntonItem Climate Change Impacts on Cocoa Production in Central America and the Caribbean(Brief, 2019) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Wiegel, Jennifer Rebecca; Castro-Llanos, Fabio AlexanderThis document is an atlas of Central America and the Caribbean that provides general information on the different degrees of adaptation effort needed to mitigate the impacts of climate change on cocoa production. It also contains maps of the region, and by country, of agroclimatic zones (ZAC) and of the impact gradient. Information that allows us to better understand the big picture of the region regarding the effects of climate change on cocoa in the region and opens the debate on sustainable practices and investments necessary to address future risks. The map of cocoa presences allows the identification of cocoa production areas; agroclimatic zone maps show future changes in climatic zones suitable for cocoa; The impact gradient maps allow you to identify the level of impact in your area, first in the region and then by country.Item Café sostenible adaptado al clima en América Central(Brief, 2019) Bunn, ChristianEl presente documento es un perfil climático de café sostenible adaptado al clima CSAC para Centroamérica. Resume los resultados de un análisis climático realizado para la región. Este resumen se divide en 4 secciones para guiar la adaptación a escala: Hacia una producción resiliente a escala, Un conjunto de recomendaciones para propagar el uso de intervenciones CSAC, Café sostenible adaptado al clima a gran escala, Portafolio de prácticas de café sostenible adaptado al clima.Item Cacao sostenible adaptado al clima a gran escala en América Central y el Caribe(Brief, 2019) Bunn, ChristianEl presente resumen reúne los resultados del un análisis climático de dos diferentes documentos. Por un lado se desarrolló un Atlas de Impactos del Cambio Climático en la producción de cacao en América Central y el Caribe que contiene mapas de zonas agroclimáticas y mapas del gradiente de impacto para el cacao; por otro lado, se encuentra una lista de prácticas sostenibles adaptadas al clima que tienen potencial para afrontar el cambio climático y mejorar la resiliencia a nivel de granja. Debido a que muchas soluciones son a largo plazo, el desafío es presentar y priorizar un conjunto de prácticas utilizadas actualmente, desarrollado a través de una serie de talleres participativos en Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, República Dominicana y El Salvador y validado por una revisión de literatura científica.Item Climate-smart Cocoa in Central America and the Caribbean(Brief, 2019) Bunn, Christian; Fernández Kolb, Pablo; Wiegel, Jennifer Rebecca; Guharay, Falguni; Hurtado, Ninoska; Lundy, Mark M.; Castro-Llanos, Fabio AlexanderThis brief summarizes the results of participatory workshops and research on the implementation of CSC in Central America. Many of the practices proposed are already known to and used by Central American farmers seeking to reduce the risks for both the quality and quantity of their production. The interventions summarized in this document can be promoted at different technological, organizational, institutional, and policy levels, as they were developed in a participatory manner with regional experts to leverage the prioritization of known practices. These interventions may be implemented immediately to achieve the expected results in the future. Key Messages: Projections for climate change impacts on cocoa production in Central America and the Caribbean indicate that there will be important changes in the future distribution of suitable zones for this crop; the objectives of Climate-smart Cocoa (CSC) are: increasing productivity, adapting to climate change, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, with the purpose of building resilient livelihoods; to boost cocoa production in the region in the short and long term, we recommend the implementation of CSC practices; the CSC practices outlined in this document may be implemented immediately. The list was identified and prioritized with experts from Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, and El Salvador, and many practices are already known to farmers; designing efficient adaptation processes within the framework of CSC represents a multidimensional challenge. This document organizes practices according to the following axes: 1) degree of climate change impact: incremental, systemic, or transformational adaptation; 2) type of extreme climate event, as a result of climate variability: intense rains, strong winds and storms, or drought; and 3) stage of crop development: nursery, establishment, or production; implementing CSC practices at a scale requires appropriate strategies and an enabling environment to support farmers.Item Café sostenible adaptado al clima en El Salvador(Brief, 2019) Fernández Kolb, Pablo; Castro-Llanos, Fabio Alexander; Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac; Siles, Pablo; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Lundy, Mark M.; Bunn, ChristianEl café es básico en las exportaciones y producción agrícola de América Central, y El Salvador no es la excepción. Este constituye el segundo mayor producto de exportación en términos de valor, con ingresos anuales de US$113,4 millones en moneda extranjera. El sector cafetalero genera más de 40.000 empleos directos en el área rural de El Salvador. El país produce exclusivamente café arábica, en su mayoría cultivado a una altitud que oscila entre los 600 y 900 m s. n. m. (51 %). Estas características colocan al futuro del cultivo del café en El Salvador en una senda cada vez más estrecha y accidentada. A diferencia del café robusta, el café arábica es altamente vulnerable al cambio climático, especialmente a una altitud tan baja, como en la que se cultiva en El Salvador. Para agravar la situación, estudios muestran que Mesoamérica, y El Salvador en particular, es la región que se proyecta va a sufrir los impactos más severos del aumento de las temperaturas en la producción de café arábica a pesar de que los países en América Central son emisores relativamente pequeños de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Como parte del paisaje en esta región, las fincas cafetaleras de El Salvador se volverán cada vez más vulnerables a una serie de riesgos climáticos: El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENOS), sequías, tormentas, vientos fuertes, lluvias intensas e inundaciones. La calidad y la productividad son especialmente vulnerables a cambios en la temperatura y la precipitación pluvial. Las zonas cafetaleras de El Salvador se han vuelto más secas y calurosas en las últimas tres décadas. Las temperaturas anuales han aumentado en todo el país alrededor de 0,8 °C y durante los meses más secos, la precipitación se ha reducido un tercio.Item Café sostenible adaptado al clima en Honduras(Brief, 2018) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Castro-Llanos, Fabio Alexander; Girvetz, Evan HartunianActualmente, Honduras es el mayor productor de café en Centro América. El bajo costo de producción, el cambio generacional y el apoyo institucional dieron como resultado un crecimiento de la producción anual promedio del 5 %. Cerca de 110.000 familias obtienen su ingreso primario del café y de estos, el 95 % son pequeños productores con menos de 7 ha de terreno. El café proporciona empleo para aproximadamente un millón de personas. La mayor parte de la producción es café arábica de alta calidad, la cual es muy vulnerable al cambio climático. En su mayoría la producción se efectúa bajo sombra a altitudes superiores a los 900 m s. n. m. Muchas plantaciones se renovaron recientemente, pero siguen siendo susceptibles a las principales enfermedades provocadas por el clima. La mayoría de los caficultores diversifican sus fuentes de ingreso y sus cultivos, porque una cosecha de café fallida puede traerles como consecuencia desnutrición permanente. Las zonas de producción de café en Honduras se han vuelto más secas y calurosas en las últimas tres décadas. Las temperaturas anuales han aumentado en todo el país, la evapotranspiración potencial y la distribución de las precipitaciones se han vuelto más variables. Estas tendencias probablemente aumentaron los requerimientos hídricos del cultivo del café. Este perfil de CSAC proporciona una instantánea de una base de referencia en desarrollo creada para iniciar el debate, tanto dentro de los países como a nivel mundial, sobre los puntos de entrada para invertir en CSAC a gran escala.Item Climate Change Impacts on Coffee Production in Mexico and Central America(Brief, 2019) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Castro-Llanos, Fabio AlexanderThis atlas for Central America provides general information on the different degrees of adaptation efforts needed to mitigate climate change impacts on coffee production, as well as maps of the region and of each country, agroclimatic zone maps (ACZ), and impact gradient maps. This information facilitates having a better outlook of the region regarding the effects of climate change on coffee in the region and opens the debate on sustainable practices and necessary investments to face future risks. The map of coffee presences helps identify coffee production zones; maps of agroclimatic zones show future changes of agroclimatic zones suitable to grow coffee; the maps of impact gradient help identify the level of impact in each zone, first on the region, but also by country. All the maps in this Atlas, as well as the data from which they were created can be downloaded and reused.Item Café sostenible adaptado al clima en Guatemala(Brief, 2019) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Fernández Kolb, Pablo; Castro-Llanos, Fabio AlexanderGuatemala es el segundo mayor productor de café en América Central, después de Honduras. El sector cafetalero es un motor de la economía rural, aportando ingresos para más de 122.000 agricultores, el 98 % de los cuales son pequeños productores. La producción cafetalera de Guatemala genera medio millón de empleos en la economía rural, casi el 10 % de la fuerza laboral activa en el ámbito nacional. Cada año se producen aproximadamente 3,3 millones de sacos de granos de café de 60 kg. El café arábica cultivado bajo sombra para mercados internacionales constituye la norma en los campos de los caficultores. La demanda de los consumidores ha impulsado el crecimiento de las exportaciones de grano Estrictamente Duro, la máxima calidad del café producido en Guatemala, que representa aproximadamente el 83 % de las exportaciones. Las exportaciones de café integran el 14 % del valor total de las exportaciones o 651 millones de dólares estadounidenses. Este es el segundo producto agrícola más importante, después de la caña de azúcar, en términos de generación de divisas. Se proyecta que las zonas cafetaleras actuales experimenten un aumento gradual de la temperatura hacia rangos más extremos, así como periodos de sequía y lluvias torrenciales. Se proyecta que la temperatura anual se eleve de 1,7 a 2,0 °C y que la precipitación anual total disminuya 0,8 % en la costa sur y 0,6 % en la frontera entre las regiones norte y nororiente. Este perfil de CSAC proporciona una instantánea de una base de referencia en desarrollo creada para iniciar el debate, tanto dentro de los países como a nivel mundial, sobre los puntos de entrada para invertir en CSAC a gran escala.Item Achieving climate-smart coffee in Central America(Brief, 2019) Bunn, ChristianThis document is a climate –smart coffee profile for Central America. It summarizes the results of a climate analysis made for the region. This brief is divided in 4 sections to guide adaptation at scale: Towards resilient production at scale, Recommendation domains to scale climate smart coffee, Scaling climate smart coffee, Climate smart coffee practices.Item Achieving climate-smart cocoa in West Africa(Brief, 2019) Bunn, ChristianThis document is a climate –smart cocoa profile for West Africa. It summarizes the results of a climate analysis made for the region.This brief is divided in 4 sections to guide adaptation at scale: Towards resilient production at scale, Recommendation domains to scale climate smart cocoa, Scaling climate smart cocoa, Climate smart cocoa practices.Item Achieving climate-smart coffee in East Africa.(Brief, 2019) Bunn, ChristianThis document presents the results of the coffee climate analysis made for East Africa. It contains some of the maps of future changes in suitability for Arabica and Robusta coffee in East Africa and describes some of the implications for the degree of climate change adaptation required for each zone. This brief is divided in 4 sections to guide adaptation at scale: Towards resilient production at scale, Recommendation domains to scale climate smart coffee, Scaling climate smart coffee, Climate smart coffee practicesItem Achieving climate smart cocoa at scale in Central America and the Caribbean(Brief, 2019) Bunn, ChristianThis document summarizes two documents with results of a climate analysis made to support efficient adaptation at scale. We developed an Atlas of Climate Change Impacts on cocoa production in Central America and the Caribbean, which contains maps of agro-climatic zones and gradient impact maps for cocoa, and a list of climate smart practices that have the potential to confront projected climatic change and improve the resilience at farm level. Because many solutions have a long lead time, the challenge is to use currently available means and prioritize them to take into account evolving climate change. The set of practices was developed through a series of participatory workshops in Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, and El Salvador and validated through a review of scientific literature.Item Impacto del cambio climático en la producción de café en México y Centroamérica(Brief, 2019) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Castro-Llanos, Fabio AlexanderEl presente documento es un atlas de Centro América y El Caribe que proporciona información general sobre los diferentes grados de esfuerzo de adaptación necesarios para mitigar los impactos del cambio climático en la producción de café. Así mismo, contiene mapas de la región, y por país, de las zonas agroclimáticas (ZAC) y del gradiente de impacto. Información que permite entender mejor el panorama de la región con respecto a los efectos del cambio climático en el café de la región y abrir el debate sobre prácticas sostenibles e inversiones necesarias para hacerle frente a los riesgos a futuro. El mapa de las presencias del café permite identificar las zonas de producción del cultivo; los mapas de las zonas agroclimáticas muestran los cambios a futuro de las zonas climáticas idóneas para el café; los mapas del gradiente de impacto le permiten identificar el nivel de impacto de su zona, primero en la región y luego por país.Item Climate Smart Coffee in El Salvador(Brief, 2019) Fernández Kolb, Pablo; Castro-Llanos, Fabio Alexander; Martínez Valle, Armando Isaac; Siles, Pablo; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Lundy, Mark M.; Bunn, ChristianCoffee is a staple of Central American exports and agricultural production, not least in El Salvador. Coffee is the second-highest export in terms of value at around US$ 113.4 million in annual foreign currency earnings. The coffee sector directly generates over 40,000 jobs in rural El Salvador. El Salvador exclusively produces high-quality Arabica coffee, cultivated mostly at an altitude ranging between 600 to 900 masl (51%). These features set the future of coffee farming in El Salvador on an increasingly narrow and uneven path. In contrast to Robusta, the Arabica variety is highly vulnerable to climate change, especially at the low altitude at which it is mainly grown in El Salvador. To aggravate this situation, studies show that Mesoamerica, and El Salvador in particular, is the region projected to endure the most severe impacts of increasing temperatures on Arabica production. The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) concept reflects an ambition to improve the integration of agriculture development and climate responsiveness. It aims to achieve food security and broader development goals under a changing climate and increasing food demand. CSA initiatives sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, and reduce/remove greenhouse gases (GHGs). While the concept is new and still evolving, many of the practices that make up CSA already exist worldwide and are used by farmers to cope with various production risks. Mainstreaming Climate Smart Coffee (CSC) requires critical stocktaking of the sector fundamentals, already evident and projected climatic developments relevant to coffee production and promising practices for the future, and of institutional and financial enablers for CSC adoption. This CSC profile provides a snapshot of a developing baseline created to initiate discussion, both within countries and globally, about entry points for investing in CSC at scale.Item Climate Smart coffee in Guatemala(Brief, 2019) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Fernández Kolb, Pablo; Castro-Llanos, Fabio Alexander; Rigsby, DylanGuatemala is the second-largest coffee producer in Central America after Honduras. The coffee sector is a driver of the rural economy, providing incomes for over 122000 farmers, 98% of whom are smallholders. Guatemalan coffee production generates half a million jobs in the rural economy, nearly 10% of the national active labor force. Approximately 3.3 million 60kg bags of coffee beans are produced annually. Shade grown high-quality arabica coffee for international markets is the norm in the fields of the caficultores (coffee farmers). Consumer demand has driven the growth of exports of Strictly High Bean, the highest quality produced in Guatemala which accounts for approximately 83% of exports. The total value of exports makes up 14% of the total export value or 651m in USD. It is the second most important agricultural product after sugar in terms of foreign revenue earnings. Current coffee production areas are projected to experience a gradual increase in temperatures towards more extreme ranges as well as periods of drought and heavy rainfall. Annual temperatures are projected to increase by 1.7ºC-2.0ºC and total annual precipitation is projected to decrease between 0.8% in the southern coast and 6% in the border between the north and northeastern regions. The climate-smart agriculture (CSA) concept reflects an ambition to improve the integration of agriculture development and climate responsiveness. It aims to achieve food security and broader development goals under a changing climate and increasing food demand. CSA initiatives sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, and reduce/remove greenhouse gases (GHGs). While the concept is new and still evolving, many of the practices that make up CSA already exist worldwide and are used by farmers to cope with various production risks. Mainstreaming Climate Smart Coffee (CSC) requires critical stocktaking of the sector fundamentals, already evident and projected climatic developments relevant to coffee production and promising practices for the future, and of institutional and financial enablers for CSC adoption. This CSC profile provides a snapshot of a developing baseline created to initiate discussion, both within countries and globally, about entry points for investing in CSC at scale.Item Climate Smart Cocoa in Ghana Towards climate resilient production at scale(Brief, 2019-09-26) Bunn, Christian; Fernández Kolb, Pablo; Asare, Richard; Lundy, Mark M.Climate Smart Cocoa (CSC) is not only about avoiding future losses but also about mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improving the livelihoods of farmers by increasing the productivity and resilience of their farms. The current state of cocoa production in Ghana has significant leeway to become more forward-looking and productive. Cocoa farms in Ghana are vulnerable to an array of climate-related risks: the Harmattan wind, droughts, storms, flooding. Climate change is projected to increase the occurrence of such extreme events, as well as induce more gradual changes to cocoa farming suitability via higher average temperatures and more erratic rainfall. Whether sudden or gradual, production needs to be resilient to these changes.Item Cacao sostenible adaptado al clima en Centroamérica y el Caribe: Hacia una producción resiliente a gran escala(Report, 2019-08-30) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Wiegel, Jennifer Rebecca; Castro-Llanos, Fabio Alexander; Fernández Kolb, PabloItem Climate-smart coffee in Uganda(Brief, 2019-05-21) Bunn, Christian; Lundy, Mark M.; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Fernández Kolb, Pablo; Castro-Llanos, Fabio AlexanderThe climate-smart agriculture (CSA) concept reflects an ambition to improve the integration of agriculture development and climate responsiveness. It aims to achieve food security and broader development goals under a changing climate and increasing food demand. CSA initiatives sustainably increase productivity, enhance resilience, and reduce/remove greenhouse gases (GHGs). While the concept is new, and still evolving, many of the practices that make up CSA already exist worldwide and are used by farmers to cope with various production risks. Mainstreaming Climate Smart Coffee (CSC) requires critical stocktaking of the sector fundamentals, already evident and projected climatic developments relevant to coffee production and promising practices for the future, and of institutional and financial enablers for CSC adoption. This CSC profile provides a snapshot of a developing baseline created to initiate discussion, both within countries and globally, about entry points for investing in CSC at scale.
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