Improving the competitiveness of pig producers in an adjusting Vietnam market
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Item Improving the competitiveness of pig producers in an adjusting Vietnam market(Report, 2011-02-15) International Livestock Research InstituteItem The economics of small-scale household pig production in Vietnam: Survey results, analysis and assessment(Journal Article, 2012-12-15) Que, N.N.; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Tisdell, C.A.; Toan, N.N.Vietnam relies heavily for its supply of pork (an important part of the Vietnamese diet) on small-scale household pig producers. Some Vietnamese policy makers believe this dependence to be uneconomical and favour the development of large-scale commercial piggeries to achieve potential economies of scale. To investigate whether Vietnamese household pig producers practice economies of scale, researchers from Center for Agricultural Policy (CAP) and International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) surveyed 700 household pig producers from six provinces in Vietnam. After providing background on Vietnam’s pig industry and the survey design, this paper reports relevant results from this survey. The findings show that potential economic advantages due to greater scale did not strongly emerge from analysis of household survey data. On the other hand, potential economic benefits were observed among Vietnamese households from specialization in different stages of pig production. In assessing the economics of household pig production, it is important to take into account the opportunity costs of the resources used in this production. Given the current stage of Vietnam’s economic transition, the opportunity cost of the labor employed in household production seems to be low. Furthermore, small-scale producers depend more heavily on home-grown and local produce for pig food compared to larger producers who are more reliant on processed pig food with an imported content. Low opportunity costs continue to make small-scale household pig production in Vietnam economical but with continuing economic development, the opportunity costs of agricultural households will increase. Larger-scale commercial producers will thus, likely account for a growing proportion of Vietnam’s pig supply, particularly given current policies in their favour. Currently, it is still economical for both household and large-scale pig producers to supply the market.Item Vietpigs: Transforming pig value chains in Vietnam(Poster, 2013-05-15) Lapar, Ma. LucilaItem Smallholder competitiveness: Insights from pig production systems in Vietnam(Presentation, 2012-08-18) Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Nguyen Ngoc Toan; Staal, Steven J.; Minot, Nicholas; Tisdell, C.A.; Nguyen Ngoc Que; Nguyen Do Anh TuanItem The pork value chain in Vietnam: Emerging trends and implications for smallholder competitiveness(Presentation, 2011-02-09) Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Toan, N.N.; Staal, Steven J.; Que, N.N.; Tuan, N.D.A.Pig production in Vietnam has increased in response to the rise in demand, at about 8 percent annually, on average, during the last decade. At least 80% of annual production is still contributed by household‐based pig producers (i.e., those with less than 10 pigs). Along with the rise in production, the number and types of actors in the pork supply chain have also increased. A participatory rural appraisal was conducted to obtain an overview of pig value chains in Vietnam. Market actor surveys were then implemented in three representative sites in three provinces located in three regions. Each survey was preceded by a stakeholder consultation workshop organized in each province with participation of various market actors in the pork supply chain. Semi‐structured interviews of 47 different types of market actors were carried out subsequently to collect detailed information about input and output volumes, sources and outlets of products and information, preferred attributes of inputs and outputs, costs incurred, and constraints faced. Key findings indicate that smallholder pig producers have the comparative advantage to supply pork with the preferred attributes of being fresh and unchilled. Pig traders are the dominant players in the chain in terms of their strong influence on prices and the coordination role they perform in directing supply of pigs and carcass according to market demand. In informal markets for fresh pork, quality control is based on trust. Personal relationships with meat retailers in traditional markets built from repeated transactions over time can supplant any formal certification and labelling. The estimated value added generated in pork value chains where household‐based pig producers are participating is 11,700 VND or about $0.62 per kg liveweight of output. Pig producers capture about half of the value added. These results highlight the importance of smallholder producers' continued inclusion in these chains from a livelihoods perspective. This contribution is significant in the context of pro‐poor pig sector development in particular and the broader rural development agenda in general. Policy interventions to enhance smallholder participation in emerging pork value chains given their relative importance in supply and employment generation will need to be explored.Item On the economics of small-scale household pig production in Vietnam: Survey results, analysis and assessment(Conference Paper, 2011-10-13) Que, N.N.; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Tisdell, C.A.; Toan, N.N.; Nga, Q.N.; Ninh, T.T.N.; Jabbar, M.A.; Staal, Steven J.Item Risk assessment of pork supply chain in peri-urban Hanoi(Presentation, 2011-10-14) Grace, Delia; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Fahrion, Anna S.Item The competitiveness of small household pig producers in Vietnam: Significant research and policy findings from an ACIAR-sponsored study and their limitations(Working Paper, 2010-11) Tisdell, C.A.The preamble to this paper highlights some of the major policy issues facing Vietnam as far as its supply of pork is concerned, in particular, the problem of its demand for pork rising at a faster rate than its supply. Some relevant background to this research project is provided by outlining selected features of Vietnam’s pig industry. Then the main findings (in the view of the author) from this ACIAR-funded research are presented. These results include (1) natural protection given to Vietnam’s pig producers from imports as a result of the nature of the preferences of Vietnamese consumers: (2) the importance of household labour, especially that provided by females, in the husbandry of pigs held by households; (3) the existence, or otherwise, of scale economies as a function of the number of pigs held by households and the economic efficiency of small producers, (4) the import dependence for pig food of Vietnam’s pig industry and the way in which it varies with the number of pigs kept by households; (5) specialization in pig production, (6) regional differences in the economics of pig production; (7) economic discrimination in the supply of inputs to household producers of pigs and in their sale of pigs; (8) the size of pig-holdings and the use of professional services, such as veterinary services and extension services; and (9) findings about miscellaneous matters, such as the genetic composition of the pig stock. Scope for future research in relation to these aspects is also highlighted, and the need is raised for considering the economics of increasing quality standards and certifying the quality of pork. The economics of increasing the scale of pig producing units is given particular attention. Vietnam’s policy options for improving the balance between its demand for pork and its supply are considered and the important role that household (small producers) have and can play in this regard are highlighted.Item Demand for pork and other meats: New estimates and implications for livestock development policy in Vietnam(Conference Paper, 2010-02-09) Toan, N.N.; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Que, N.N.; Jabbar, M.A.; Tisdell, C.A.; Minot, Nicholas; Staal, Steven J.Along with rapid economic growth and increasing affluence, the demand for pork has been increasing steadily; at the same time, consumers have become more demanding with respect to the quality and safety of pork they buy. This paper seeks to examine to what extent changes in consumer income and prices of pork and other meat, are likely to influence the demand for pork. We conduct a demand analysis using the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS), of fresh pork and other pork (frozen and processed) and a number of other meat items. We use data from 1,650 households in consumer surveys in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city and six rural provinces across Vietnam, selected purposely to represent the geographical and economic diversity of the country. An empirical issue with this type of analysis is the truncated nature of consumption data that induces bias in the estimates. This was addressed by applying the generalized Amemiya two-stage procedure, which is asymptotically more efficient than the Heckman correction method. We find that fresh pork and other pork are relatively inelastic to price and meat expenditure, indicating that pork is not a luxury good within the Vietnamese context. Poultry, egg, beef and seafood appear to be more elastic to meat expenditure. Poultry, beef and fish are statistically shown to be substitutes of pork. Seafood is likely to be a complement of fresh pork but a substitute of other (processed) pork. The findings suggest that pork demand is likely to increase substantially as income rises. On the other hand, consumers also tend to diversify their diet towards other alternatives such as poultry, eggs and beef with increasing affluence. Implications for production and pro-poor livestock development strategy are discussed.Item Risk assessment in the pork meat chain in two districts of Viet Nam(Abstract, 2010-09-14) Fahrion, Anna S.; Grace, Delia; Toan Nguyen Ngoc; Thuy Do Ngoc; Staal, Steven J.; Lapar, Ma. LucilaPork occupies an important place in the diet of the Vietnamese population. Most people buy and sell meat in informal markets (called wet markets) where there is little safety and quality regulation. As part of a larger project on competitiveness of smallholder pig production in Viet Nam, we carried out a comparative risk assessment to identify and characterise hazards present in representative pork meat chains. The study addressed all levels (“from stable to table”) of food supply chains in the districts of Ha Noi (urban environment) and Ha Tay (transition from urban to rural environment) in northern Viet Nam. We used Participatory Risk Analysis, allowing rapid and participatory assessment of hazards in resource-constrained environments. Different tools were used in this pathway approach to identify practices and hazards at production, slaughter, transport, sale and consumption, including: - Observational check lists and questionnaires ; - Participatory rural appraisal; - Rapid diagnostic tests for several pathogens in pork meat, including several bacteria, different parasites and antibiotic residues. The collected data were evaluated to assess hazards as well as risk amplifying or mitigating practices. The farms scored moderately well on measures of biosecurity, good hygienic practice and reduction of zoonoses transmission. Farmers reported the occurrence of disease outbreaks in their pigs, but also an adequate coverage with veterinary services and drugs. Slaughterhouses scored low on hygienic practices, suggesting this may be a critical step because of a high likelihood of carcass contamination with faecal bacteria. Applying diagnostic tests on slaughtered pigs and pork meat at selling points, we found six hazards present in pork at concerning levels. We also report on the prevalence of consumer practices around purchase, keeping and preparation of food which are likely to influence risk. Finally, we integrate the findings from the different levels of the chain to assess the risk to consumers and conclude that although there is strong evidence for high levels of hazards in pork, there is less evidence of high levels of risk to consumers of pork meat.Item Natural protection from international competition in the livestock industry: Analysis, examples and Vietnam’s pork market as a case(Book Chapter, 2010-06-15) Tisdell, C.A.; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Staal, Steven J.; Que, N.N.Item Risk assessment in the pork meat chain in 2 districts of Vietnam. A residency training project in collaboration with the International Livestock Research Institute(Poster, 2010-10-08) Fahrion, Anna S.; Toan, N.N.; Thuy, D.N.; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Grace, DeliaItem Participatory risk assessment of pork in Ha Noi and Ha Tay, Vietnam(Brief, 2010-10-11) Grace, DeliaItem Future scenarios for pig sector development in Vietnam: Results from a policy simulation model(Brief, 2010-10-11) Minot, NicholasItem The growing shortfall in Vietnam’s domestic supply of pork: Significance and policy implications(Brief, 2010-10-11) Tisdell, C.A.Item Demand for pork by Vietnamese consumers: Implications for pro-poor livestock policy and development agenda in Vietnam(Brief, 2010-10-11) Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Toan, N.N.Item The pork value chain in Vietnam: Emerging trends and implications for smallholder competitiveness and chain efficiency(Brief, 2010-10-11) Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Toan, N.N.; Staal, Steven J.Item Competitiveness of smallholder pig producers in Vietnam(Brief, 2010-10-11) Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Staal, Steven J.Item Natural protection from international competition in the livestock industry: analysis, examples and Vietnam’s pork market as a case(Working Paper, 2009-11) Tisdell, C.A.; Lapar, Ma. Lucila; Staal, Steven J.; Que, N.N.Item An economic study of small pigholders in Vietnam: some insights gained and the scope for further research(Working Paper, 2010-05) Tisdell, C.A.Some relevant background to this research project is provided by outlining selected features of Vietnam’s pig industry. Then the main findings (in the view of the author) from this ACIAR-funded research are presented. These results include (1) natural protection given to Vietnam’s pig producers from imports as a result of the nature of the preferences of Vietnamese consumers: (2) the importance of household labour, especially that provided by females, in the husbandry of pigs held by households; (3) the existence, or otherwise, of scale economies as a function of the number of pigs held by households, (4) the import dependence for pig food of Vietnam’s pig industry and the way in which it varies with the number of pigs kept by households; (5) specialization in pig production, (6) regional differences in the economics of pig production; (7) economic discrimination in the supply of inputs to household producers of pigs and in their sale of pigs; (8) the size of pig-holdings and the use of professional services, such as veterinary services and extension services; and (9) findings about miscellaneous matters, such as the genetic composition of the pig stock. Scope for future research in relation to these aspects is also highlighted, and the need is raised for considering the economics of increasing quality standards and certifying the quality of pork. The economics of increasing the scale of pig producing units is given particular attention.