Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierMartin Wainaina: 0000-0002-4938-2543
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941
cg.creator.identifierNICHOLAS NGWILI: 0000-0002-3940-4438
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2020.0252en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn1076-6294en
cg.issue6en
cg.journalMicrobial Drug Resistanceen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.ilriAMRen
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTSen
cg.subject.ilriDAIRYINGen
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen
cg.volume27en
dc.contributor.authorOmwenga, I.en
dc.contributor.authorAboge, G.O.en
dc.contributor.authorMitema, E.S.en
dc.contributor.authorObiero, G.en
dc.contributor.authorNgaywa, C.en
dc.contributor.authorNgwili, Nicholasen
dc.contributor.authorWamwere-Njoroge, George J.en
dc.contributor.authorWainaina, M.en
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.en
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-18T11:45:38Zen
dc.date.available2020-11-18T11:45:38Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/110223
dc.titleAntimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenyaen
dcterms.abstractThe association of antimicrobial usage (AMU) with prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in livestock raw milk consumed by pastoralists in Kenya remains unclear. We investigated the relationship between AMU and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. aureus, including MRSA in raw milk of livestock. AMU data were obtained using sales records from veterinary pharmacies. S. aureus was isolated from 603 milk samples from various livestock species, including sheep, goat, cow, and camel reared in Isiolo and Marsabit counties in Kenya. Resistant phenotypes and genotypes were determined by disc diffusion and molecular methods, respectively. Correlation between AMU and occurrence of resistance was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) method. The consumption of various antimicrobial classes were as follows; 4,168 kg of oxytetracycline, 70 kg of sulfonamides, 49.7 kg of aminoglycosides, 46 kg of beta-lactams, 39.4 kg of macrolides, and 0.52 kg for trimethoprim. The S. aureus isolates were mainly resistant to tetracycline (79%), ampicillin (58%), and oxacillin (33%), respectively. A few isolates (5–18%) were resistant to clindamycin, cephalexin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin. Most of the MDR-S. aureus isolates were MRSA (94%). The genetic determinants found in the AMR isolates included tetK/tetM (96.5%/19%) for tetracycline, blaZ (79%) for penicillin, aac (6′)/aph (2′′)/aph (3′)-IIIa (53%) for aminoglycosides, mecA (41%) for oxacillin, and msrA/ermA (24%/7%) for macrolides. Oxytetracycline usage was correlated to tetK/tetM (r = 0.62/1) detection, penicillins to mecA/blaZ (r = 0.86/0.98), aminoglycoside to aac (6′)/aph (2′′)/aph (3′)-IIIa (r = 0.76/−13), and macrolide usages for detection of ermA/msrA (r = 0.94/0.77). AMU appeared to be associated with occurrence of MDR-SA and the tetM detection. Consumption of raw milk contaminated with MRSA could pose a serious public health risk in pastoral communities in northern Kenya.en
dcterms.accessRightsLimited Access
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.bibliographicCitationOmwenga, I., Aboge, G.O., Mitema, E.S., Obiero, G., Ngaywa, C., Ngwili, N., Wamwere, G., Wainaina, M. and Bett, B. 2021. Antimicrobial usage and detection of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains in raw milk of livestock from northern Kenya. Microbial Drug Resistance 27(6): 843–854.en
dcterms.extentp. 843-854en
dcterms.issued2021-06-01
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCopyrighted; all rights reserved
dcterms.publisherMary Ann Liebert Incen
dcterms.subjectantimicrobial resistanceen
dcterms.subjectdairyingen
dcterms.subjectanimal productsen
dcterms.subjectpharmacologyen
dcterms.subjectimmunologyen
dcterms.subjectmicrobiologyen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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