A review of vulnerabilities of water systems-related risks in internally displaced persons (IDPs) host communities in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Okem, A.; Osei-Amponsah, C.; Onyeneke, R.; Ruckstuhl, S. 2024. A review of vulnerabilities of water systems-related risks in internally displaced persons (IDPs) host communities in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Initiative on Fragility, Conflict, and Migration. 28p.

This report offers an analysis of the challenges faced by Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Adamawa State, Nigeria, set against the global context of internal displacement. It explores the primary drivers of displacement in the region, including conflict, particularly insurgency activities, and natural disasters like flooding. These factors have led to significant challenges for IDPs, such as safety, shelter, loss of livelihoods, and social disintegration.

The report highlights the prevalence of insurgency-related displacement, primarily due to Boko Haram, and the significant impact of natural disasters such as flooding. There were IDPs in Adamawa State in 2022 with 70% of them originating from within the State. About 53.8% of IDPs in the State are women, indicating that displacement in Adamawa State is gendered. This calls for gender-specific humanitarian interventions. A significant portion of IDPs reside within existing “host” communities, placing a substantial burden on these communities. The primary livelihoods of these displaced populations hinge on farming and traditional activities, making them vulnerable to environmental and economic disruptions. Access to essential services like nutrition and education varies among IDPs, with notable gaps in nutrition services.

In response to these challenges, the report emphasizes the importance of Anticipatory Action (AA) as a proactive measure in disaster response and a way to address the vulnerabilities of communities hosting IDPs. These strategies are crucial for mitigating the impacts of displacement and supporting the resilience of both displaced persons and host communities that are experiencing compound stress of climate change.

The report also highlights the need for robust and targeted interventions to address the immediate and long-term needs of IDPs and host communities in Adamawa State. This includes enhanced disaster management, long-term support for education, livelihood development, gender-specific programs, and proactive AA to anticipate and mitigate future displacement.