Sero-epidemiological survey of Coxiella burnetii in livestock and humans in Tana River and Garissa counties in Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Embuen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Nairobien_US
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenyatta National Hospitalen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationKenya Medical Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Greenwichen_US
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Healthen_US
cg.contributor.donorGovernment of the United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorEconomic and Social Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorNatural Environment Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorUnited States Defense Threat Reduction Agencyen_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierDaniel Nthiwa: 0000-0002-3993-4164en_US
cg.creator.identifierMartin Wainaina: 0000-0002-4938-2543en_US
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en_US
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en_US
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010214en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn1935-2735en_US
cg.issue3en_US
cg.journalPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseasesen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.ilriEPIDEMIOLOGYen_US
cg.subject.ilriGOATSen_US
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCKen_US
cg.subject.ilriSHEEPen_US
cg.subject.ilriSMALL RUMINANTSen_US
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food securityen_US
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen_US
cg.volume16en_US
dc.contributor.authorMwololo, D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNthiwa, Danielen_US
dc.contributor.authorKitala, P.en_US
dc.contributor.authorAbuom, T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorWainaina, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKairu-Wanyoike, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en_US
dc.contributor.authorOntiri, Enochen_US
dc.contributor.authorBukachi, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorNjeru, I.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKaranja, J.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSang, R.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-04T13:56:04Zen_US
dc.date.available2022-03-04T13:56:04Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/118341en_US
dc.titleSero-epidemiological survey of Coxiella burnetii in livestock and humans in Tana River and Garissa counties in Kenyaen_US
dcterms.abstractBackground: Coxiella burnetii is a widely distributed pathogen, but data on its epidemiology in livestock, and human populations remains scanty, especially in developing countries such as Kenya. We used the One Health approach to estimate the seroprevalance of C. burnetii in cattle, sheep, goats and human populations in Tana River county, and in humans in Garissa county, Kenya. We also identified potential determinants of exposure among these hosts. Methods: Data were collected through a cross-sectional study with a cluster sampling design. Serum samples were taken from 2,727 animals (466 cattle, 1,333 goats, and 928 sheep) and 974 humans and screened for Phase I/II IgG antibodies against C. burnetii using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data on potential factors associated with animal and human exposure were collected using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable analyses were performed with households as random effects to adjust for the within-household correlation of C. burnetii exposure among animals and humans, respectively. Results: The overall apparent seroprevalence estimates of C. burnetii in livestock and humans were 12.80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.57-14.11) and 24.44% (95% CI: 21.77-27.26), respectively. In livestock, the seroprevalence differed significantly by species (p < 0.01). The highest seroprevalence estimates were observed in goats 15.22% (95% CI: 13.34-17.27), then sheep 14.22% (95% CI: 12.04-16.64) and with cattle 3.00% (95% CI; 1.65-4.99) showing lower values. Herd-level seropositivity of C. burnetii in livestock was not positively associated with human exposure. Multivariable results showed that female animals had higher odds of seropositivity for C. burnetii than males, while for animal age groups, adult animals had higher odds of seropositivity than calves, kids or lambs. For livestock species, both sheep and goats had significantly higher odds of seropositivity than cattle. In human populations, men had a significantly higher odds of testing positive for C. burnetii than women. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of livestock and human exposure to C. burnetii which could have serious economic implications on livestock production and impact on human health. These results also highlight the need to establish active surveillance in the study area to reduce the disease burden associated with this pathogen.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2022-03-03en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationMwololo, D., Nthiwa, D., Kitala, P., Abuom, T., Wainaina, M., Kairu-Wanyoike, S., Lindahl, J.F., Ontiri, E., Bukachi, S., Njeru, I., Karanja, J., Sang, R., Grace, D. and Bett, B. 2022. Sero-epidemiological survey of Coxiella burnetii in livestock and humans in Tana River and Garissa counties in Kenya. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16(3): e0010214.en_US
dcterms.extente0010214en_US
dcterms.issued2022-03-03en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dcterms.subjectq feveren_US
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen_US
dcterms.subjectsheepen_US
dcterms.subjectgoatsen_US
dcterms.subjectsmall ruminantsen_US
dcterms.subjectepidemiologyen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal diseasesen_US
dcterms.subjectlivestocken_US
dcterms.subjectinfectious diseasesen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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