Improved latrine coverage may reduce porcine cysticercosis: a comparative cross-sectional study, Busia County, Kenya 2021

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationField Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenyaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liverpoolen_US
cg.contributor.donorUK Research and Innovationen_US
cg.contributor.donorBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdomen_US
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden_US
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Healthen_US
cg.coverage.countryKenyaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KEen_US
cg.coverage.regionAfricaen_US
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africaen_US
cg.creator.identifierEric M. Fèvre: 0000-0001-8931-4986en_US
cg.creator.identifierElizabeth Cook: 0000-0001-6081-8363en_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1155467en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn2297-1769en_US
cg.journalFrontiers in Veterinary Scienceen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systemsen_US
cg.subject.ilriHUMAN HEALTHen_US
cg.subject.ilriPIGSen_US
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen_US
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food securityen_US
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen_US
cg.volume10en_US
dc.contributor.authorChege, Bernarden_US
dc.contributor.authorNdambuki, Gideonen_US
dc.contributor.authorOwiny, M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKiyong'a, Aliceen_US
dc.contributor.authorFèvre, Eric M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorCook, Elizabeth A.J.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-07T12:35:03Zen_US
dc.date.available2023-07-07T12:35:03Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/131035en_US
dc.titleImproved latrine coverage may reduce porcine cysticercosis: a comparative cross-sectional study, Busia County, Kenya 2021en_US
dcterms.abstractIntroduction: Smallholder pig farming is an important economic activity for many poor, rural communities in developing countries. Porcine cysticercosis is a growing public health risk in countries where pig rearing is popular. A sanitation-based intervention to reduce the prevalence of open defecation was completed in Busia County, Kenya in 2016. We capitalized on this third party intervention to evaluate its impact on porcine cysticercosis prevalence. Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional survey from August through to September 2021. Household selection was done using multistage sampling. Household questionnaire data on pig production, transmission, risk factors and awareness of porcine cysticercosis were collected from 251 households. Lingual palpation was used to test for cysticerci in 370 pigs while serum was tested for circulating antigen using Ag-ELISA. We compared results of our survey to an effective baseline, which was a near equivalent cross sectional survey conducted in 2012 before the third party sanitary intervention was established. The difference in prevalence was measured using Chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for lingual cysts in pigs. Results: The prevalence of palpable lingual cysts was estimated to be 3.8% (95% CI 2.3–6.3%) (14/370). This was 6% (95% CI 0.8–13.9%; p-value 0.0178) lower than the prevalence reported in the pre-implementation period of 9.7% (95% CI: 4.5–17.6%). Circulating antigen was detected in 2 samples (0.54%, 95% CI: 0.2–1.9). Latrine coverage was 86% (95% CI: 81–90%), which was 11% (95% CI: 4.8–16.8%; p < 0.001) higher than the pre-implementation period coverage of 75% (95% CI: 71–79%). There was reduced prevalence of lingual cysts in pigs from households that had a latrine (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05–0.43; p < 0.001) and where pigs were confined or tethered (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.07–1.02; p = 0.053). Conclusion: There was a reduction in the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Busia County over the study period from 2012 to 2021. This was not a trial design so we are unable to directly link the decline to a specific cause, but the data are consistent with previous research indicating that improved sanitation reduces porcine cysticercosis. Programs for controlling porcine cysticercosis should include a focus on sanitation in addition to other integrated One Health approaches.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2023-07-05en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationChege, B., Ndambuki, G., Owiny, M., Kiyong'a, A., Fèvre, E.M. and Cook, E.A.J. 2023. Improved latrine coverage may reduce porcine cysticercosis: a comparative cross-sectional study, Busia County, Kenya 2021. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10: 1155467.en_US
dcterms.extent1155467en_US
dcterms.issued2023-07-05en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen_US
dcterms.subjectswineen_US
dcterms.subjecthygieneen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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