Improved latrine coverage may reduce porcine cysticercosis: a comparative cross-sectional study, Busia County, Kenya 2021

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationField Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Kenyaen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Liverpoolen
cg.contributor.donorUK Research and Innovationen
cg.contributor.donorBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, United Kingdomen
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Health
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierEric M. Fèvre: 0000-0001-8931-4986en
cg.creator.identifierElizabeth Cook: 0000-0001-6081-8363en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1155467en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2297-1769en
cg.journalFrontiers in Veterinary Scienceen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.ilriHUMAN HEALTHen
cg.subject.ilriPIGSen
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen
cg.volume10en
dc.contributor.authorChege, Bernarden
dc.contributor.authorNdambuki, Gideonen
dc.contributor.authorOwiny, M.en
dc.contributor.authorKiyong'a, Aliceen
dc.contributor.authorFèvre, Eric M.en
dc.contributor.authorCook, Elizabeth A.J.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-07T12:35:03Zen
dc.date.available2023-07-07T12:35:03Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/131035
dc.titleImproved latrine coverage may reduce porcine cysticercosis: a comparative cross-sectional study, Busia County, Kenya 2021en
dcterms.abstractIntroduction: Smallholder pig farming is an important economic activity for many poor, rural communities in developing countries. Porcine cysticercosis is a growing public health risk in countries where pig rearing is popular. A sanitation-based intervention to reduce the prevalence of open defecation was completed in Busia County, Kenya in 2016. We capitalized on this third party intervention to evaluate its impact on porcine cysticercosis prevalence. Methods: We conducted a comparative cross-sectional survey from August through to September 2021. Household selection was done using multistage sampling. Household questionnaire data on pig production, transmission, risk factors and awareness of porcine cysticercosis were collected from 251 households. Lingual palpation was used to test for cysticerci in 370 pigs while serum was tested for circulating antigen using Ag-ELISA. We compared results of our survey to an effective baseline, which was a near equivalent cross sectional survey conducted in 2012 before the third party sanitary intervention was established. The difference in prevalence was measured using Chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for lingual cysts in pigs. Results: The prevalence of palpable lingual cysts was estimated to be 3.8% (95% CI 2.3–6.3%) (14/370). This was 6% (95% CI 0.8–13.9%; p-value 0.0178) lower than the prevalence reported in the pre-implementation period of 9.7% (95% CI: 4.5–17.6%). Circulating antigen was detected in 2 samples (0.54%, 95% CI: 0.2–1.9). Latrine coverage was 86% (95% CI: 81–90%), which was 11% (95% CI: 4.8–16.8%; p < 0.001) higher than the pre-implementation period coverage of 75% (95% CI: 71–79%). There was reduced prevalence of lingual cysts in pigs from households that had a latrine (OR = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05–0.43; p < 0.001) and where pigs were confined or tethered (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.07–1.02; p = 0.053). Conclusion: There was a reduction in the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in Busia County over the study period from 2012 to 2021. This was not a trial design so we are unable to directly link the decline to a specific cause, but the data are consistent with previous research indicating that improved sanitation reduces porcine cysticercosis. Programs for controlling porcine cysticercosis should include a focus on sanitation in addition to other integrated One Health approaches.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2023-07-05en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationChege, B., Ndambuki, G., Owiny, M., Kiyong'a, A., Fèvre, E.M. and Cook, E.A.J. 2023. Improved latrine coverage may reduce porcine cysticercosis: a comparative cross-sectional study, Busia County, Kenya 2021. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 10: 1155467.en
dcterms.extent1155467en
dcterms.issued2023-07-05en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherFrontiers Mediaen
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.subjectswineen
dcterms.subjecthygieneen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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