Diarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health framework

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationHokkaido Research Organizationen
cg.contributor.affiliationCenter for Livestock and Agriculture Development, Cambodiaen
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Health, Cambodiaen
cg.contributor.affiliationMahidol Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Oxforden
cg.contributor.affiliationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Greenwichen
cg.contributor.donorInternational Development Research Centreen
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.donorWellcome Trusten
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Health
cg.coverage.countryCambodia
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KH
cg.coverage.regionAsia
cg.coverage.regionSouth-eastern Asia
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en
cg.creator.identifierSilvia Alonso: 0000-0002-0565-536Xen
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1127445en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2571-581Xen
cg.journalFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systemsen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTIONen
cg.subject.ilriHUMAN HEALTHen
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCKen
cg.subject.ilriONE HEALTHen
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen
cg.volume7en
dc.contributor.authorAsakura, Shingoen
dc.contributor.authorKhieu, B.en
dc.contributor.authorSeng, S.en
dc.contributor.authorPok, S.en
dc.contributor.authorTy, C.en
dc.contributor.authorPhiny, C.en
dc.contributor.authorSrey, T.en
dc.contributor.authorBlacksell, S.D.en
dc.contributor.authorGilbert, Jeffreyen
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, Silviaen
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-31T11:29:33Zen
dc.date.available2023-03-31T11:29:33Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/129823
dc.titleDiarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health frameworken
dcterms.abstractBackground: Most of human diarrheal pathogens are zoonotic, and transmission of the pathogens can occur by contaminated food, water, environment and direct contact with animals especially for livestock keepers. Yet little is known of the relative importance of different risk factors especially in under-studied countries. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for diarrhea in livestock keepers in Cambodia and detect diarrhea-causing pathogenic bacteria in both humans and livestock within a One Health approach. Of special interest were the links between diarrhea and food consumption and livestock-keeping. Materials and methods: We used an existing dataset from a questionnaire survey conducted in 400 livestock farms in Prey Veng and Kampot Prefectures between February and March 2013 as well as laboratory results on bacterial isolation from fecal and swab samples from livestock and poultry, and human stool samples. Laboratory results were available for up to three animals of each species kept by a household, and for up to three human samples from households reporting at least one case of human diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks. Presence of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. was investigated in both animal and human samples, in addition to Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Plesiomonas spp. in animal samples and Campylobacter spp. in human samples. Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed by generalized linear mixed model. Results: Household-level diarrhea incidence rate was 9.0% (36/400). The most statistically significant factor associated with diarrhea in multivariable analysis was water treatment for drinking and cooking (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.16–0.69, p = 0.003), followed by number of days consuming egg within 2 weeks (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.04–1.29, p = 0.008), number of children under 5 years old (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.14–3.49, p = 0.016) and keeping poultry (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.14–0.92, p = 0.033). Animal samples for bacterial culture test were collected at 279 cattle, 165 pig and 327 poultry farms, and bacteria were detected from 6 farms with the isolation of Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 1 cattle and 1 pig sample, Aeromonas caviae from 1 pig sample and Salmonella spp. from 3 chicken samples. In human samples, 17 out of 67 individual samples were positive for the culture test, detecting Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 7 samples and Shigella spp. from 10 samples. None of the households where target bacteria were detected from animal samples had human samples collected due to lack of diarrhea episodes in the household. Conclusions: It has often been hypothesized that keeping livestock may increase the incidence of diarrhea through multiple pathways. Contrary to this, we found livestock-keeping was not associated with increased risk, but food-related behavior and children under 5 years of age were strongly associated with increased risk. We discuss mediating and confounding factors and make recommendations for reducing the burden of diarrheal disease in Cambodia and more widely in low- and middle-income countries.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2023-03-30en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationAsakura, S., Khieu, B., Seng, S., Pok, S., Ty, C., Phiny, C., Srey, T., Blacksell, S.D., Gilbert, J., Grace, D. and Alonso, S. 2023. Diarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health framework. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7: 1127445.en
dcterms.extent1127445en
dcterms.issued2023-03-30en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherFrontiers Mediaen
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.subjectone health approachen
dcterms.subjectanimal productionen
dcterms.subjectlivestocken
dcterms.subjectdiarrhoeaen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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