Diarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health framework

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and developing country instituteen_US
cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationHokkaido Research Organizationen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationCenter for Livestock and Agriculture Development, Cambodiaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMinistry of Health, Cambodiaen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationMahidol Universityen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Oxforden_US
cg.contributor.affiliationFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nationsen_US
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Greenwichen_US
cg.contributor.donorInternational Development Research Centreen_US
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden_US
cg.contributor.donorWellcome Trusten_US
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Healthen_US
cg.coverage.countryCambodiaen_US
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KHen_US
cg.coverage.regionAsiaen_US
cg.coverage.regionSouth-eastern Asiaen_US
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en_US
cg.creator.identifierSilvia Alonso: 0000-0002-0565-536Xen_US
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden_US
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1127445en_US
cg.isijournalISI Journalen_US
cg.issn2571-581Xen_US
cg.journalFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systemsen_US
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen_US
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systemsen_US
cg.subject.ilriANIMAL PRODUCTIONen_US
cg.subject.ilriHUMAN HEALTHen_US
cg.subject.ilriLIVESTOCKen_US
cg.subject.ilriONE HEALTHen_US
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food securityen_US
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen_US
cg.volume7en_US
dc.contributor.authorAsakura, Shingoen_US
dc.contributor.authorKhieu, B.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSeng, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPok, S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorTy, C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPhiny, C.en_US
dc.contributor.authorSrey, T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorBlacksell, S.D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGilbert, Jeffreyen_US
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen_US
dc.contributor.authorAlonso, Silviaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-31T11:29:33Zen_US
dc.date.available2023-03-31T11:29:33Zen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/129823en_US
dc.titleDiarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health frameworken_US
dcterms.abstractBackground: Most of human diarrheal pathogens are zoonotic, and transmission of the pathogens can occur by contaminated food, water, environment and direct contact with animals especially for livestock keepers. Yet little is known of the relative importance of different risk factors especially in under-studied countries. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for diarrhea in livestock keepers in Cambodia and detect diarrhea-causing pathogenic bacteria in both humans and livestock within a One Health approach. Of special interest were the links between diarrhea and food consumption and livestock-keeping. Materials and methods: We used an existing dataset from a questionnaire survey conducted in 400 livestock farms in Prey Veng and Kampot Prefectures between February and March 2013 as well as laboratory results on bacterial isolation from fecal and swab samples from livestock and poultry, and human stool samples. Laboratory results were available for up to three animals of each species kept by a household, and for up to three human samples from households reporting at least one case of human diarrhea in the previous 2 weeks. Presence of Escherichia coli, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. was investigated in both animal and human samples, in addition to Aeromonas spp., Vibrio spp. and Plesiomonas spp. in animal samples and Campylobacter spp. in human samples. Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed by generalized linear mixed model. Results: Household-level diarrhea incidence rate was 9.0% (36/400). The most statistically significant factor associated with diarrhea in multivariable analysis was water treatment for drinking and cooking (OR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.16–0.69, p = 0.003), followed by number of days consuming egg within 2 weeks (OR = 1.16, 95%CI: 1.04–1.29, p = 0.008), number of children under 5 years old (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.14–3.49, p = 0.016) and keeping poultry (OR = 0.36, 95%CI: 0.14–0.92, p = 0.033). Animal samples for bacterial culture test were collected at 279 cattle, 165 pig and 327 poultry farms, and bacteria were detected from 6 farms with the isolation of Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 1 cattle and 1 pig sample, Aeromonas caviae from 1 pig sample and Salmonella spp. from 3 chicken samples. In human samples, 17 out of 67 individual samples were positive for the culture test, detecting Escherichia coli O157 (non H7) from 7 samples and Shigella spp. from 10 samples. None of the households where target bacteria were detected from animal samples had human samples collected due to lack of diarrhea episodes in the household. Conclusions: It has often been hypothesized that keeping livestock may increase the incidence of diarrhea through multiple pathways. Contrary to this, we found livestock-keeping was not associated with increased risk, but food-related behavior and children under 5 years of age were strongly associated with increased risk. We discuss mediating and confounding factors and make recommendations for reducing the burden of diarrheal disease in Cambodia and more widely in low- and middle-income countries.en_US
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Accessen_US
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen_US
dcterms.audienceScientistsen_US
dcterms.available2023-03-30en_US
dcterms.bibliographicCitationAsakura, S., Khieu, B., Seng, S., Pok, S., Ty, C., Phiny, C., Srey, T., Blacksell, S.D., Gilbert, J., Grace, D. and Alonso, S. 2023. Diarrhea illness in livestock keeping households in Cambodia: An analysis using a One Health framework. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7: 1127445.en_US
dcterms.extent1127445en_US
dcterms.issued2023-03-30en_US
dcterms.languageenen_US
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0en_US
dcterms.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_US
dcterms.subjecthealthen_US
dcterms.subjectone health approachen_US
dcterms.subjectanimal productionen_US
dcterms.subjectlivestocken_US
dcterms.subjectdiarrhoeaen_US
dcterms.typeJournal Articleen_US

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