Molecular and serological diagnosis of multiple bacterial zoonoses in febrile outpatients in Garissa County, north-eastern Kenya

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cg.authorship.typesCGIAR and advanced research instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationInternational Livestock Research Instituteen
cg.contributor.affiliationFreie Universität Berlinen
cg.contributor.affiliationFederal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germanyen
cg.contributor.affiliationSwedish University of Agricultural Sciencesen
cg.contributor.affiliationUppsala Universityen
cg.contributor.affiliationUniversity of Greenwichen
cg.contributor.affiliationRWTH Aachen University Hospitalen
cg.contributor.affiliationRobert Koch Instituteen
cg.contributor.crpAgriculture for Nutrition and Health
cg.contributor.donorProjekt DEALen
cg.contributor.donorFederal Institute for Risk Assessment, Germanyen
cg.contributor.donorCGIAR Trust Funden
cg.contributor.donorGerman Academic Exchange Serviceen
cg.contributor.initiativeOne Health
cg.coverage.countryKenya
cg.coverage.iso3166-alpha2KE
cg.coverage.regionAfrica
cg.coverage.regionEastern Africa
cg.creator.identifierJohanna Lindahl: 0000-0002-1175-0398en
cg.creator.identifierJean-Baka Domelevo Entfellner: 0000-0002-8282-1325en
cg.creator.identifierKristina Roesel: 0000-0002-2553-1129en
cg.creator.identifierDelia Grace: 0000-0002-0195-9489en
cg.creator.identifierBernard Bett: 0000-0001-9376-2941en
cg.howPublishedFormally Publisheden
cg.identifier.dataurlhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB65963en
cg.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62714-8en
cg.isijournalISI Journalen
cg.issn2045-2322en
cg.issue1en
cg.journalScientific Reportsen
cg.reviewStatusPeer Reviewen
cg.subject.actionAreaResilient Agrifood Systems
cg.subject.ilriHUMAN HEALTHen
cg.subject.ilriZOONOTIC DISEASESen
cg.subject.impactAreaNutrition, health and food security
cg.subject.impactPlatformNutrition, Health and Food Security
cg.subject.sdgSDG 3 - Good health and well-beingen
cg.volume14en
dc.contributor.authorWainaina, Martinen
dc.contributor.authorLindahl, Johanna F.en
dc.contributor.authorMayer-Scholl, A.en
dc.contributor.authorUfermann, C.-M.en
dc.contributor.authorDomelevo Entfellner, Jean-Bakaen
dc.contributor.authorRoesler, U.en
dc.contributor.authorRoesel, Kristinaen
dc.contributor.authorGrace, Deliaen
dc.contributor.authorBett, Bernard K.en
dc.contributor.authorAl Dahouk, S.en
dc.date.accessioned2024-05-30T14:20:25Zen
dc.date.available2024-05-30T14:20:25Zen
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/144163
dc.titleMolecular and serological diagnosis of multiple bacterial zoonoses in febrile outpatients in Garissa County, north-eastern Kenyaen
dcterms.abstractBacterial zoonoses are diseases caused by bacterial pathogens that can be naturally transmitted between humans and vertebrate animals. They are important causes of non-malarial fevers in Kenya, yet their epidemiology remains unclear. We investigated brucellosis, Q-fever and leptospirosis in the venous blood of 216 malaria-negative febrile patients recruited in two health centres (98 from Ijara and 118 from Sangailu health centres) in Garissa County in north-eastern Kenya. We determined exposure to the three zoonoses using serological (Rose Bengal test for <i>Brucella</i> spp., ELISA for <i>C. burnetti</i> and microscopic agglutination test for <i>Leptospira</i> spp.) and real-time PCR testing and identified risk factors for exposure. We also used non-targeted metagenomic sequencing on nine selected patients to assess the presence of other possible bacterial causes of non-malarial fevers. Considerable PCR positivity was found for <i>Brucella</i> (19.4%, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 14.2–25.5) and <i>Leptospira</i> spp. (1.7%, 95% CI 0.4–4.9), and high endpoint titres were observed against leptospiral serovar Grippotyphosa from the serological testing. Patients aged 5–17 years old had 4.02 (95% CI 1.18–13.70, p-value = 0.03) and 2.42 (95% CI 1.09–5.34, p-value = 0.03) times higher odds of infection with <i>Brucella</i> spp. and <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> than those of ages 35–80. Additionally, patients who sourced water from dams/springs, and other sources (protected wells, boreholes, bottled water, and water pans) had 2.39 (95% CI 1.22–4.68, p-value = 0.01) and 2.24 (1.15–4.35, p-value = 0.02) times higher odds of exposure to <i>C. burnetii</i> than those who used unprotected wells. <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Moraxella</i> spp. were determined using metagenomic sequencing. Brucellosis, leptospirosis, <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Moraxella</i> infections are potentially important causes of non-malarial fevers in Garissa. This knowledge can guide routine diagnosis, thus helping lower the disease burden and ensure better health outcomes, especially in younger populations.en
dcterms.accessRightsOpen Access
dcterms.audienceAcademicsen
dcterms.audienceScientistsen
dcterms.available2024-05-28en
dcterms.bibliographicCitationWainaina, M., Lindahl, J.F., Mayer-Scholl, A., Ufermann, C.-M., Domelevo Entfellner, J.-B., Roesler, U., Roesel, K., Grace, D., Bett, B. and Al Dahouk, S. 2024. Molecular and serological diagnosis of multiple bacterial zoonoses in febrile outpatients in Garissa County, north-eastern Kenya. Scientific Reports 14: 12263.en
dcterms.extent12263en
dcterms.issued2024-05-28en
dcterms.languageen
dcterms.licenseCC-BY-4.0
dcterms.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLCen
dcterms.subjecthealthen
dcterms.subjectzoonosesen
dcterms.typeJournal Article

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