Synthesis, Education, Outreach
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Item Livestock and mixed crop-livestock systems(Book Chapter, 2014) Thornton, Philip K.Item Assessing trade-offs and synergies in climate smart agriculture across timescales(Thesis, 2022-06-01) Arenas Calle, Laura N.Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) aims for the transformation of agriculture -particularly in low- and middle-income countries- into sustainable, food secure and climate-resilient systems by the achievement of its three principles: increasing of sustainable productivity and food security, building climate resilience, and reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Since strategies addressed in any of CSA pillars can potentially benefit (synergies) or hinder (trade-offs) the others, CSA focus on identifying such relations to enhance synergies and minimise trade-offs in each context. This holistic approach of CSA is widely accepted, and its uptake has been going faster than the availability of official methodological frameworks and metrics for its assessment. The lack of alignments for climate-smartness results controversial given its increasing relevance in agriculture policy. Moreover, several organizations have been raising concerns that CSA may narrowly address agronomic issues and overlook social issues like the underrepresentation of minorities, inequality, and resources access that constraint agricultural development. In this thesis, two CSA metrics are developed and assessed using existing data sets and process-based modelling simulations. The Climate-Smartness Index (CSI) and Soil-based Climate-Smartness Index (SCSI) were built from agronomic/biophysical indicators of mitigation, adaptation, and productivity to their represent trade-offs and synergies. The CSI represents the synergy between water use efficiency and GHG mitigation by the implementation of water-oriented adaptation practices in irrigated rice. The SCSI represents the synergy between the progressive improvement of soil and crop productivity under soil-oriented practices. CSI was first calculated for a dataset of existing experiments that assessed several irrigation strategies, and second, for output from a process-based model. SCSI was calculated for a dataset of conservation agriculture experiments. The CSI and SCSI are useful tools to identify and compare climate-smartness across spatial-temporal contexts. The CSI captured the temporal and spatial variability climates-smartness and evidenced the context-dependency of this attribute in so-called “climate-smart practices” (e.g., Alternate Wetting and Drying). SCSI results evidenced the temporal dynamic of climate-smartness in treatments under Conservation Agriculture management. The indices showed the potential to summarised information regarding the performance of soil and water adaptation strategies in cropping systems from existing evidence, both alone and when used with model output. The indices can help to monitor CSA interventions and be complementary in socio-economics assessments or scaling up projections. The results of this thesis contribute to the call to generate reliable and transparent measures of climate smartness. The results of this thesis contribute to the call to generate reliable and transparent measures of climate smartness.Item AgLED Resource Platform for Low-Emissions Development in Agriculture(Website, 2021-12-22) Wollenberg, Eva Karoline; Costa, Ciniro; Khatri-Chhetri, Arun; Dittmer, Kyle M.; Rose, Sabrina; Shelton, Sadie W.; Rowland, Bailey; Egler, CeceliaWhat is AgLED? The AgLED Platform is a… Resource for everything in low-emissions agriculture development from basic explainers to technical references. Synthesis of the current knowledge of climate change mitigation in agriculture. Signpost to national planning that integrates mitigation in agriculture, finance, and climate policy. A guide to boost the capacity of students and policymakers in developing nations. Why AgLED? AgLED is intended to be a guide to climate change mitigation in agriculture and food systems for those new and old in the field of low-emissions development (LED). The focus is on agricultural emissions and their mitigation, but we provide examples and resources of emissions and mitigation options related to activities connected with agriculture. One of the biggest opportunities and challenges is in developing countries, where food security has yet to be met while also seeking to reduce emissions. Therefore, this site emphasizes developing country data and examples. Targeted users of this site range from those completely unfamiliar with climate change mitigation in agriculture to those seeking to expand their knowledge in a particular subsector. We provide a curated glossary and FAQ, as well as frequently used technical information as basic references throughout the LED Options, Estimating Emissions and Policy & Planning sections. References are provided in in-text hyperlinks and on the Resource page.Item Resolución número 126 de 2022, Por la cual se adoptan los Lineamientos de Política de Ganadería Bovina Sostenible - GBS 2022 - 2050 y se dictan otras disposiciones(Other, 2022-04-19) Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural, Colombia; Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, ColombiaItem La producción de ensilaje de Avena sativa AV25-T (Altoandina) como modelo de negocio para el trópico alto en Colombia(Brief, 2022-01) Gallo Caro, Irieleth; Enciso, Karen; Castillo, Javier; Burkart, StefanLa producción ganadera en el trópico alto colombiano (>2.000 metros de altura) depende de las condiciones climáticas. Debido a los fenómenos de variabilidad climática, la disponibilidad de recursos forrajeros para la alimentación animal se ve afectada a lo largo del año, lo anterior genera una producción ganadera estacional. La producción de ensilaje como modelo de negocio es una opción viable en términos financieros para las asociaciones de productores. Las limitaciones en el acceso a maquinaria y asistencia técnica afectan la adopción de esta práctica en los pequeños y medianos productores independientes. La avena forrajera Avena sativa AV25-T (altoandina) presenta características técnicas que favorecen su uso con respecto al maíz Porva (p.ej., precocidad, menores costos). Así mismo, la producción de ensilaje de la avena genera mayores beneficios económicos, con respecto a la producción de ensilaje de maíz.Item The production of Avena sativa AV25-T (Altoandina) silage as a business model for the higher tropics of Colombia(Brief, 2022-01) Gallo Caro, Irieleth; Enciso, Karen; Castillo, JavierDairy production in the Colombian higher tropics (>2,000 m elevation) depends on the climatic conditions. Because of climatic variability, the availability of forage resources for animal feeding is affected throughout the year, generating seasonally marked dairy production. Silage production as a business model is a viable option in financial terms for producer associations. Limitations in access to machinery and technical assistance affect the adoption of this practice among independent smallholder and medium-sized producers. The forage oat Avena sativa AV25-T (Altoandina) has technical characteristics that favor its use as silage rather than the commonly used Porva maize (e.g., precocity, lower costs). Likewise, the production of oat silage generates higher economic benefits than the production of maize silage.Item Theories of Change: Modest radicalism or passive revolution?(Other, 2021-12-17) Lane, RichardIn 2013, CCAFS began to experiment with a Theory of Change (ToC) approach to planning, monitoring and evaluation. An initial pilot phase then lead to ToC being adopted throughout the CRP. After outlining the general approach to ToC and their specific usage in CCAFS, this paper re-conceptualises and broadly problematises the ToCs approach in order highlight its potential or otherwise to enable transformative change in order to ask: what kind of future is imagined? What kind of transformation is made possible? What kind of knowledge and learning is enabled? What kind of actors are produced?Item Transformative horizons: reflecting on a decade of scenario-guided policy formulation(Other, 2021-12-17) Vervoort, Joost M.; Pereira, Laura; Veeger, Marieke; Rutting, Lucas; Peou, Rathana; Muzammil, Maliha; Muiderman, Karlijn; Thornton, Philip K.; Cramer, Laura K.Participatory foresight has proliferated rapidly in response to unprecedented global uncertainty and the need to transform to more sustainable societies. However, the link from foresight to action is often under-researched; and understanding how foresight can be used for the realization of transformative ambitions has proven particularly difficult. In this paper, we reflect on a unique case: a project that spans eleven years of scenario-guided participatory policy formulation processes for food security and agriculture under climate change across seven global regions. Many of the policy formulation processes in these regions have led to changed policies and plans as a result of participatory scenario analysis. The length, scope, and level of policy engagement that characterizes this case offers unique opportunities for learning about impactful foresight. In addition, lessons from the project have proliferated into a range of other initiatives that have often been able to complement the original project strategies with new approaches that have in turn yielded more insights. We provide core insights from the successes and failures in this unique global case for connecting foresight to action by examining interactions between 1) institutional contexts and knowledge systems; 2) relationships with the future; 3) imaginaries; 4) participation cultures; 5) process designs and participants; and 6) futures methodology. We then go on to discuss how such best practices can be ‘scaled deep’; ‘scaled out’; and ‘scaled up’ for transformative change.Item Designing climate resilient agricultural systems with some examples from India(Conference Paper, 2021-11-27) Whitbread, Anthony M.; Dhulipala, Ram K.; Nedumaran, Swamikannu; Padhee, Arabinda; Padmaja, Ravula; Rao, Karuturi; Shalander, Kumar; Zougmoré, Robert B.For the purposes of this short review, we will focus on CSA as it relates to decisions made at the farm level and may encompass single technological innovations (e.g., a more heat or drought tolerant crop variety), packages of innovations (e.g., a bundle of agronomic practices with climate information for decision-making) through to the design of farms and farming systems to cope with climate variability and extreme events. Examples from semi-arid farming systems in India are used.Item How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict in Kenya? An econometric analysis(Brief, 2021-12-01) Belli, Anna; Villa, Victor; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet assesses how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Kenya, using a two-stage econometric approach. The findings show how rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall can have a significant impact on Kenyan households' nutrition security and that the interaction of climate and nutrition insecurity increases the intensity of conflict. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? Mapping the science around climate security(Brief, 2021-12-01) Carneiro, Bia; Resce, Giuliano; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet gives answers on how global climate research addresses the dynamics between climate, socio-economic factors, and conflict, and how the countries in focus for the Climate Security Observatory are represented in this literature. The analysis has found that while the literature is cognisant of the mechanisms by which climate exacerbates the risk for conflicts, there is still space for research that aims to disentangle the complexity of the climate security nexus. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item Where are the most vulnerable areas to climate induced insecurities and risks in Sudan?(Brief, 2021-12-01) Achicanoy Estrella, Harold Armando; Ramírez Villegas, Julián Armando; Mendez Alzate, Andres Camilo; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Sudan, using spatial hotspot analysis. The findings show that areas of high conflict and harsh climate interactions co-occurred with hotspots where socio-economic vulnerabilities (undernutrition, inequality, migration, low productivity) are present. This occurs in north of Uran, Sololo, and north of Obbu (hotspots of inequality and low production), Marsabit Central, Sagante/Jaldesa, and Karare (inequality and low production), and all the socio-economic hotspots in surroundings of Wajir East Township, Wagberi, and Barwago; surroundings of Bulla Mpya, and eastern of Khorof/Harar. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item Where are the most vulnerable areas to climate induced insecurities and risks in Zimbabwe?(Brief, 2021-12-01) Achicanoy Estrella, Harold Armando; Ramírez Villegas, Julián Armando; Mendez Alzate, Andres Camilo; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Zimbabwe, using spatial hotspot analysis. The findings show that the high/moderate conflict and harsh climate interactions co-occurred principally with low productivity, inequality, and undernutrition hotspots. This occurs in the following districts: Beitbridge, Chiredzi, Mwenezi, and Chipinge. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system in Senegal? A network analysis(Brief, 2021-12-01) Basel, Ashleigh Megan; Onivola Minoarivelo, Henintsoa; Craparo, Alessandro Carmelo William; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Senegal, using network analysis. Results show that high poverty and inequality are key underlying structures in Senegal which determine the path to conflict. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict in Mali? An impact pathway analysis(Brief, 2021-12-01) Madurga Lopez, Ignacio M.; Dutta Gupta, Tanaya; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Mali, using an impact pathway analysis. Three main impact pathways are identified: 1) Resource availability and livelihood insecurity ; 2) Farmer-herder conflict; 3)Mobility and resource competition in the South. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict in Kenya? Climate Security Pathway Analysis(Brief, 2023) Dutta Gupta, Tanaya; Hassan, Gamal Mohamed; Abdi, Abdimajid Nunow; Madurga Lopez, Ignacio M.; Liebig, Theresa Ines; Santa Cruz, Leonardo Medina; Sax, Niklas; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet gives answers on how climate exacerbates root causes of conflict in Kenya, using A climate security pathway analysis. Two main impact pathways are identified: 1) Resource availability and access pathway; 2) Livelihood and food insecurity pathway. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus? Mapping climate security policy narratives in Kenya(Brief, 2021-12-01) Carneiro, Bia; Resce, Giuliano; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaTThis factsheet answers if policy makers are aware of the climate security nexus, using social media analysis. The results show a disassociation between climate, socioeconomic insecurities, and conflict in the public communications of policy makers. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus? Mapping climate security policy narratives in Mali(Brief, 2021-12-01) Carneiro, Bia; Resce, Giuliano; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet answers if policy makers are aware of the climate security nexus, using social media analysis. The results show a disassociation between climate, socioeconomic insecurities, and conflict in the public communications of policy makers. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus? Mapping climate security policy narratives in Nigeria(Brief, 2021-12-01) Carneiro, Bia; Resce, Giuliano; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet answers if policy makers are aware of the climate security nexus, using social media analysis. The results show a disassociation between climate, socioeconomic insecurities, and conflict in the public communications of policy makers. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?Item Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus? Mapping climate security policy narratives in Senegal(Brief, 2021-12-01) Carneiro, Bia; Resce, Giuliano; Läderach, Peter R.D.; Pacillo, GraziaThis factsheet answers if policy makers are aware of the climate security nexus, using social media analysis. The results show a disassociation between climate, socioeconomic insecurities, and conflict in the public communications of policy makers. This publication is part of a factsheet series reporting on the findings of the CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security Observatory work in Africa (Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Uganda, Zimbabwe). The research is centered around 5 questions: 1. How does climate exacerbate root causes of conflict? 2. Where are hotspots of climate insecurities ? 3.What is the underlying structure of the climate, conflict, and socio-economic system? 4. Are climate and security policies coherent and integrated? 5. Are policy makers aware of the climate security nexus?